1884-1914年伦敦汤因比馆
发布时间：2018-11-27 18:15
【摘要】：在1884-1914年的英国,昔日的繁华和辉煌渐渐被各类严峻的社会问题所掩盖,尤其是贫困、失业等问题十分严重,贫富分化越来越严重,阶级对立日趋显著,这使英国出现了“衰落之象”。在大英帝国的心脏——伦敦,也出现了这些严重的问题。伦敦东区取代了曼彻斯特成为当时英国贫民窟的典型代表,各类社会矛盾在这里表现得尤为明显。然而,当时英国以“自由主义”为核心并由自助、互助和济贫制度构成的济贫体系根本无力应对严峻的社会问题,使得整个英国社会处于一种高度危险的状态。政府应对的迟缓无力并不能代表整个英国都对此无动于衷。当时许多著名的社会问题研究者纷纷进行尝试,来挽救自己的国家。众多的努力中,以泛宗教人士开展睦邻活动最为突出。长期的睦邻实践,使巴涅特逐步形成了一套完整系统的睦邻理念,即从思想文化方面着手,通过私人途径来实现不同阶级之间的联系与互动,来弱化并减轻阶级的对立进而解决社会问题,最终消弭社会危机并实现社会的再生。在这一理念的指导下,以巴涅特为首的睦邻者组建了世界上第一个睦邻居所——汤因比馆,以此为基地迅速掀起了大规模的睦邻活动,使睦邻运动迎来了新时代。汤因比馆在这三十年里进行的睦邻活动以1900年为界点,前面以文化教育活动为主,后面以开展社会问题调查和推进社会改革为重点。文化教育活动主要涉及大学扩展运动、工人教育协会、研讨班、读书会与夜校开办、社团活动、音乐会和艺术展、学生公寓和图书馆等等。在汤因比馆睦邻活动的不断推进中,文化教育活动并未达到预期的效果。因此,汤因比馆的睦邻活动的重心逐步开始向社会问题调查和社会改革方面转移,贫民律师运动、租客权益保护委员会、参与1905年失业工人法案的颁布与执行1902年教育法案等等活动或组织便十分鲜明地呈现出了这一转移。汤因比馆的三十年发展历程,对睦邻者和受助者都产生了很大的影响；这一时段正处于英国福利国家的形成和发展的重要时段,对英国福利制度产生了深远的影响；再者便是三十年的发展使社会工作成为了一个重要的行业,并为社区的发展提供了重要的参考。
[Abstract]:In Britain from 1884-1914, the prosperity and splendor of the past were gradually obscured by all kinds of severe social problems, especially the problems of poverty and unemployment, the growing polarization between the rich and the poor, and the increasingly marked class antagonism. This gave Britain a "sign of decline". These are serious problems in London, the heart of the British Empire. The East end of London replaced Manchester as a typical example of Britain's slums at the time, where social conflicts were particularly evident. However, at that time, the poverty relief system composed of "liberalism" and self-help, mutual aid and poverty relief system was unable to cope with the severe social problems, which made the whole British society in a highly dangerous state. The government's lacklustre response does not mean that Britain as a whole is indifferent. At that time, many famous social researchers tried to save their country. Among the numerous efforts, the most prominent is the activities of good-neighbourliness carried out by religious people. The long-term practice of good-neighbourliness has led to the gradual formation of a complete and systematic concept of good-neighbourliness in Baniet, that is, from the ideological and cultural point of view, through private channels to realize the connection and interaction between different classes. To weaken and reduce class antagonism and solve social problems, finally eliminate social crisis and realize social regeneration. Under the guidance of this concept, the good-neighbourly people headed by Baniet set up the first good-neighborly residence in the world, the Toynbee Pavilion, on which the large-scale good-neighborly activities were rapidly set off and the good-neighborly movement ushered in a new era. Toynbee Pavilion's good-neighborly activities in the past three decades were based on 1900, mainly on cultural and educational activities, and on social problems investigation and social reform. Cultural and educational activities are mainly related to university expansion campaigns, workers' education associations, seminars, book and evening classes, community activities, concerts and art exhibitions, student apartments and libraries, etc. In the continuous promotion of the Toynbee Pavilion's good-neighborly activities, cultural and educational activities did not achieve the desired results. As a result, the focus of the Toynbee Pavilion's good-neighbourly activities gradually began to shift towards social investigation and social reform, the poor lawyers' movement, the tenants' Rights Protection Committee, Participation in the enactment of the unemployed Workers Act of 1905 and the enforcement of the Education Act of 1902, etc. The three decades of development of Toynbee Pavilion have had a great impact on both the neighbors and the recipients, which is an important period for the formation and development of the British welfare state and has a profound impact on the British welfare system. Furthermore, the development of 30 years has made social work an important industry and provided important reference for the development of the community.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K561.4
本文编号：2361650
[Abstract]:In Britain from 1884-1914, the prosperity and splendor of the past were gradually obscured by all kinds of severe social problems, especially the problems of poverty and unemployment, the growing polarization between the rich and the poor, and the increasingly marked class antagonism. This gave Britain a "sign of decline". These are serious problems in London, the heart of the British Empire. The East end of London replaced Manchester as a typical example of Britain's slums at the time, where social conflicts were particularly evident. However, at that time, the poverty relief system composed of "liberalism" and self-help, mutual aid and poverty relief system was unable to cope with the severe social problems, which made the whole British society in a highly dangerous state. The government's lacklustre response does not mean that Britain as a whole is indifferent. At that time, many famous social researchers tried to save their country. Among the numerous efforts, the most prominent is the activities of good-neighbourliness carried out by religious people. The long-term practice of good-neighbourliness has led to the gradual formation of a complete and systematic concept of good-neighbourliness in Baniet, that is, from the ideological and cultural point of view, through private channels to realize the connection and interaction between different classes. To weaken and reduce class antagonism and solve social problems, finally eliminate social crisis and realize social regeneration. Under the guidance of this concept, the good-neighbourly people headed by Baniet set up the first good-neighborly residence in the world, the Toynbee Pavilion, on which the large-scale good-neighborly activities were rapidly set off and the good-neighborly movement ushered in a new era. Toynbee Pavilion's good-neighborly activities in the past three decades were based on 1900, mainly on cultural and educational activities, and on social problems investigation and social reform. Cultural and educational activities are mainly related to university expansion campaigns, workers' education associations, seminars, book and evening classes, community activities, concerts and art exhibitions, student apartments and libraries, etc. In the continuous promotion of the Toynbee Pavilion's good-neighborly activities, cultural and educational activities did not achieve the desired results. As a result, the focus of the Toynbee Pavilion's good-neighbourly activities gradually began to shift towards social investigation and social reform, the poor lawyers' movement, the tenants' Rights Protection Committee, Participation in the enactment of the unemployed Workers Act of 1905 and the enforcement of the Education Act of 1902, etc. The three decades of development of Toynbee Pavilion have had a great impact on both the neighbors and the recipients, which is an important period for the formation and development of the British welfare state and has a profound impact on the British welfare system. Furthermore, the development of 30 years has made social work an important industry and provided important reference for the development of the community.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K561.4
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