试析二战对美国印第安人的负面影响

发布时间：2018-12-07 20:33

【摘要】：第二次世界大战对美国印第安人的自治诉求产生了深远的负面影响。在二战的巨大冲击下,印第安人事务局被逐出政治权力中心华盛顿,人员不断流失,战时活动成为印第安人事务的中心,以恢复土著自治权为目标的印第安人新政归于瓦解。与此同时,印第安人在服役于美国军队和参加战时生产等活动的过程中,与主流社会频繁接触,从而加速了自身接受同化的进程。这些接受了白人生活方式的印第安人,在战后初期越来越关注如何维护个人权利而非印第安人自治,结果使美国社会同化印第安人进入主流社会的呼声成为理所当然之势,为结束联邦政府对印第安人部落监管提供了依据。受上述因素影响,美国公众舆论明显转向,取消联邦政府与印第安人的托管关系、同化印第安人进入主流社会成为当时美国社会的共识。
[Abstract]:World War II had a profound negative impact on American Indians' claims for autonomy. Under the great impact of World War II, the Indian Bureau of Affairs was expelled from the political power center of Washington, constantly losing people, wartime activities became the center of Indian affairs, and the Indian New deal aimed at restoring indigenous autonomy was collapsed. At the same time, in the course of serving in the American army and taking part in wartime production, the Indians frequently contacted with the mainstream society, thus accelerating the process of their acceptance of assimilation. These Indians, who accepted the white way of life, paid more and more attention to the preservation of individual rights rather than Indian autonomy in the early postwar period, and as a result, it became a natural trend for American society to assimilate Indian voices into mainstream society. This provides a basis for ending federal regulation of Indian tribes. Influenced by the above factors, American public opinion obviously turned to abolish the trust relationship between the federal government and the Indians, and assimilate the Indians into the mainstream society, which became the consensus of the American society at that time.
【作者单位】：南开大学世界近现代史研究中心;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费项目“美国种族互动关系史研究”(项目号:NKZXB10070)最终研究成果之一
【分类号】：K712

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