古罗马共和时期的元老院探析
发布时间：2018-12-11 00:25
【摘要】： 从老塔克文的暴政被推翻,至屋大维元首制的建立,罗马共和国的历史绵延了近五百年时间。其间,它的社会各阶级、阶层都充分扮演了各自的角色。其中,元老院这一机构十分引人注目。元老院是古罗马最重要的国家机构,是古罗马政治生活的重要组成部分。 文章导言部分主要说明本课题研究的可能性和必要性、本文研究的范围以及当前国内外学术界对该课题研究的现状,试图对共和时期的罗马元老院进行一下全面而系统的研究。 正文从三个方面来论述共和时期的罗马元老院。第一部分论述了元老院的产生和演变。其中对其演变的论述是本文的创新。其一,从元老院的产生年代、元老的数目变化来论述元老院的产生;其二,主要阐述了元老院的两个特点,主要体现在元老的等级之分和元老院的运作方面;并分析了元老院的性质,主要涉及的内容包括元老院早期是贵族氏族酋长会议,到共和时期元老院的性质转为间接民选性质和代议制性质;其三,着重论述了元老院成员在人员结构上的不断变化。最初的氏族贵族,随着卸任国家官员、平民上层、骑士、意大利人等的不断加入,其结构发生了变化。 第二部分主要论述了元老院的广泛职能。其内容包括元老院在行政、立法、财政、宗教、军事、外交等方面的实权;并进一步分析了其形成的主要原因:其一,共和时期罗马元老院内部结构的显著变化;其二,共和时期全体人民群众对元老院的认可;其三,共和时期元老院自身在对内和对外的发展中功勋显著;另外这一大部分还论述了元老院权力的制约因素:首先,元老院是害怕群众的,它一定要对人民的意志,予以适当的重视,采取对人民群众负责的态度;其次,元老院必须采取对监察官负责的态度;最后,元老院是受保民官权力制约的,亦必须采取对保民官负责的态度。 第三部分重点分析了元老院的作用。首先从行政、立法、司法等方面阐述了元老院在权力制衡中的制衡作用;其次分析了在等级斗争中元老院的干预、调和及对僭主政治和极端民主化倾向的作用;再次是元老院在对外发展扩张中的作用;最后扼要概括了元老院在共和后期的阻碍作用。 直到现在,由于深受前苏联历史学界的影响,把共和时期的罗马元老院等同于氏族贵族和反动团体。事实上,作为参谋部和司令部,元老院使得早期的小城镇变成世界性帝国,罗马元老院做出了巨大贡献。元老院作为氏族贵族的代表,代表贵族利益,但它的所作所为并不等于贵族,特别是在共和早期,元老院作为调节者取得了巨大成功。元老院以其独特的权力,缓和了平民与贵族的矛盾,维护了国家的稳定,极大的推进了罗马共和国的民主进程,为罗马共和国成功的抗击外敌侵略以及对外扩张,成为横跨欧亚非三洲的古代史上的大帝国做出了巨大的贡献。然而,元老院并非十全十美,同样有其局限性。
[Abstract]:From the overthrow of the old Tarkovan tyranny to the establishment of Octavian, the history of the Roman Republic lasted for nearly 500 years. During the period, its social classes and strata have played their own roles. Among them, Senate this one institution is very noticeable. The Senate was the most important state institution in ancient Rome and an important part of Roman political life. The introduction of this paper mainly explains the possibility and necessity of the research, the scope of this study and the current situation of the academic circles at home and abroad, trying to carry out a comprehensive and systematic study of the Roman Senate in the Republican period. The text discusses the Roman Senate in the Republican period from three aspects. The first part discusses the emergence and evolution of the Senate. The discussion of its evolution is the innovation of this paper. First, from the generation of the Senate, the number of the old to discuss the generation of the Senate; second, mainly elaborated the two characteristics of the Senate, mainly reflected in the grade of the old and the operation of the Senate; And analyzed the nature of the Senate, mainly involved in the Senate is the early aristocracy Chiefs of the Congress, to the Republican period of the nature of the Senate to indirect elected nature and representative nature; Third, the members of the Senate in the staff structure of the constant changes. The original clan aristocracy changed its structure with the addition of retired state officials, civilians, knights, Italians, etc. The second part mainly discusses the wide range of functions of the Senate. It includes the real power of the Senate in the aspects of administration, legislation, finance, religion, military affairs, diplomacy and so on, and further analyzes the main reasons for its formation: first, the remarkable changes in the internal structure of the Senate in Rome during the Republican period; Second, the recognition of the Senate by all the people during the Republican period, and the remarkable merit of the Senate itself in the development of the Senate at home and abroad during the Republican period; In addition, this part also discusses the power of the Senate constraints: first, the Senate is afraid of the masses, it must pay due attention to the will of the people, take a responsible attitude to the people; Second, the Senate must be accountable to the Ombudsman. Finally, the Senate is subject to the power of the Protector, and must also take the attitude of responsibility to the Protector. The third part analyzes the role of Senate. Firstly, it expounds the check and balance function of the Senate in the checks and balances of power from the aspects of administration, legislation and judicature, and then analyzes the interference of the Senate in the hierarchical struggle, and the role of the Senate in reconciling the political and extreme democratic tendency of the tyrant. Third, the role of Senate in the external development and expansion, and finally briefly summarized the role of the Senate in the late Republican obstructions. Until now, deeply influenced by Soviet historiography, the Roman Senate was equated with clan nobles and reactionary groups. In fact, as a staff and headquarters, the Senate turned the early small towns into a world empire, and the Roman Senate made a great contribution. The Senate, as the representative of the clan aristocracy, represented the aristocratic interests, but what it did was not equal to the nobility, especially in the early Republican period, the Senate as the regulator achieved great success. With its unique power, the Senate eased the conflict between the common people and the nobility, maintained the stability of the country, greatly advanced the democratic process of the Roman Republic, and successfully fought against foreign aggression and expansion for the Roman Republic. Great contributions were made to becoming a great empire in ancient history across Eurasia and Africa. However, the Senate is not perfect, but also has its limitations.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K126
本文编号：2371501
[Abstract]:From the overthrow of the old Tarkovan tyranny to the establishment of Octavian, the history of the Roman Republic lasted for nearly 500 years. During the period, its social classes and strata have played their own roles. Among them, Senate this one institution is very noticeable. The Senate was the most important state institution in ancient Rome and an important part of Roman political life. The introduction of this paper mainly explains the possibility and necessity of the research, the scope of this study and the current situation of the academic circles at home and abroad, trying to carry out a comprehensive and systematic study of the Roman Senate in the Republican period. The text discusses the Roman Senate in the Republican period from three aspects. The first part discusses the emergence and evolution of the Senate. The discussion of its evolution is the innovation of this paper. First, from the generation of the Senate, the number of the old to discuss the generation of the Senate; second, mainly elaborated the two characteristics of the Senate, mainly reflected in the grade of the old and the operation of the Senate; And analyzed the nature of the Senate, mainly involved in the Senate is the early aristocracy Chiefs of the Congress, to the Republican period of the nature of the Senate to indirect elected nature and representative nature; Third, the members of the Senate in the staff structure of the constant changes. The original clan aristocracy changed its structure with the addition of retired state officials, civilians, knights, Italians, etc. The second part mainly discusses the wide range of functions of the Senate. It includes the real power of the Senate in the aspects of administration, legislation, finance, religion, military affairs, diplomacy and so on, and further analyzes the main reasons for its formation: first, the remarkable changes in the internal structure of the Senate in Rome during the Republican period; Second, the recognition of the Senate by all the people during the Republican period, and the remarkable merit of the Senate itself in the development of the Senate at home and abroad during the Republican period; In addition, this part also discusses the power of the Senate constraints: first, the Senate is afraid of the masses, it must pay due attention to the will of the people, take a responsible attitude to the people; Second, the Senate must be accountable to the Ombudsman. Finally, the Senate is subject to the power of the Protector, and must also take the attitude of responsibility to the Protector. The third part analyzes the role of Senate. Firstly, it expounds the check and balance function of the Senate in the checks and balances of power from the aspects of administration, legislation and judicature, and then analyzes the interference of the Senate in the hierarchical struggle, and the role of the Senate in reconciling the political and extreme democratic tendency of the tyrant. Third, the role of Senate in the external development and expansion, and finally briefly summarized the role of the Senate in the late Republican obstructions. Until now, deeply influenced by Soviet historiography, the Roman Senate was equated with clan nobles and reactionary groups. In fact, as a staff and headquarters, the Senate turned the early small towns into a world empire, and the Roman Senate made a great contribution. The Senate, as the representative of the clan aristocracy, represented the aristocratic interests, but what it did was not equal to the nobility, especially in the early Republican period, the Senate as the regulator achieved great success. With its unique power, the Senate eased the conflict between the common people and the nobility, maintained the stability of the country, greatly advanced the democratic process of the Roman Republic, and successfully fought against foreign aggression and expansion for the Roman Republic. Great contributions were made to becoming a great empire in ancient history across Eurasia and Africa. However, the Senate is not perfect, but also has its limitations.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K126
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
1 房宪;;罗马元老院与等级斗争[J];安徽大学学报;1983年03期
2 梁作干;世界历史的重大转折点:西晋帝国与西罗马帝国的灭亡[J];暨南学报(哲学社会科学);1982年02期
3 房宪;;罗马元老院的起源和早期发展[J];历史教学;1985年06期
，本文编号：2371501
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2371501.html
最近更新
教材专著
