二十世纪初美国大政府的回归

发布时间：2018-12-13 23:18

【摘要】：在美国的历史进程中,“小政府”模式和“大政府”模式都曾控制和领导过国家的经济发展,并各自在美国政治舞台占据过一定的时期。今天,美国各界再次将“大政府”推上了风口浪尖,认为奥巴马的上台及其政治主张意味着政府要有更多的权力、金钱和手段,势必会带领美国走进新一轮“大政府”的时代,并由此引发了关于政府规模和政府功能模式的激烈讨论。本论文着眼于二十一世纪前十年的美国,旨在通过分析大政府模式在美国各个领域的具体表象及引起大政府在这一时期回归的必然原因,来显示且证明大政府模式已经回归到美国政治舞台这一事实。本文首先从理论的角度介绍了“小政府”和“大政府”这两种政府管理模式的渊源、理论思想。随后作者梳理了这两种模式在当代美国的发展及其在美国思想中的具体特征和内涵。紧接着,作者主要锁定在二十一世纪前十年这一时间段,通过对美国政府自身规模的扩大,以及政府对国家事务的干预和影响的扩张两方面的分析阐述,展示出“大政府”在美国回归的特征及趋势的具体表现。最后,本文分析了引起“大政府”在当代回归的几个重要因素,并对“大政府”趋势在未来的发展进行了有根据的推测。通过本文的写作,笔者想要表达对当前争对两种政府模式谁是谁非的激辩的不认同,希望通过本文的阐述表明不应迂腐地拘泥于“大政府”和“小政府”的二选一,应该从客观的角度清楚认识到“大政府”在当前美国政治领域回归并发挥作用的这一事实,政府应该顺应时代的变化,在具体条件中进行适当的改变和调整以适应新时期的要求。
[Abstract]:In the course of American history, "small government" mode and "big government" mode have both controlled and led the economic development of the country, and each has occupied a certain period in the American political arena. Today, all circles in the United States have once again pushed "big government" to the forefront of the storm. They believe that Obama's coming to power and his political propositions mean that the government must have more power, money and means, which will inevitably lead the United States into a new era of "big government." And thus triggered a heated discussion on the scale of government and the mode of government function. This paper focuses on the United States in the first ten years of the 21 century, and aims to analyze the specific manifestations of the large government model in various fields of the United States and the inevitable reasons for the return of the large government in this period. To show and prove the fact that the big government model has returned to the American political arena. This paper first introduces the origin and theory of "small government" and "big government" from the angle of theory. Then the author combs the development of these two models in contemporary America and their specific characteristics and connotations in American thought. Then, the author focuses on the first decade of the 21 century, through the analysis of the expansion of the size of the United States government itself, as well as the government's intervention in state affairs and the expansion of the impact of the two aspects. It shows the characteristics and trend of the return of big government in the United States. Finally, this paper analyzes several important factors that cause the "big government" to return in the present age, and makes a reasonable speculation about the trend of "big government" in the future. Through the writing of this paper, the author wants to express his disapproval of the current controversy over who is right and who is wrong in the two modes of government, and hopes that the elaboration of this article will show that the "big government" and "small government" should not be dogged by "big government" or "small government" from one of the two. We should clearly recognize from an objective perspective the fact that "big government" is returning and playing a role in the current political field of the United States, and the government should adapt to the changes of the times. Make appropriate changes and adjustments in specific conditions to meet the requirements of the new era.
【学位授予单位】：四川外语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.5

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