试论1780-1870年的英国主日学校

发布时间：2018-12-15 04:31

【摘要】：主日学校产生于工业革命期间,是工业革命的产物。自1780年罗伯特·雷克斯创办第一所主日学校之后,它便以雨后春笋般的速度从局部地区发展到了整个英伦大地。其中主日学校协会和主日学校联盟两个全国性的组织发挥了重要的作用。十九世纪中期,主日学校规模达到顶峰,此后,在各种因素的作用下日渐走向衰落,以1870年《初等教育法》的颁布为正式标志。虽然主日学校至今仍然存在,但已经今非昔比,基本上转变成为人们生活中的一种宗教娱乐场所。主日学校是一种针对贫民阶层的机构,主要由教会和慈善机构创办,并得到了中产阶级的大力资助。教学内容以宗教道德教育为主,《圣经》是最主要的教科书,有时也开设一些世俗教育的课程。随着主日学校的发展,教会、中产阶级、工人阶级以及政府,都抱有自身的愿望和目的参与其中。教会为了宣传教义,增加信徒;中产阶级为了控制劳动人民,维持社会秩序,并把他们培养成为自身服务的新型工人;工人阶级为了自身发展的需要;政府在十九世纪三十年代参与其中,为了争夺对劳动人民教育的控制权。主日学校就在这几种主要势力的相互制衡中向前发展,在近代英国资本主义的发展中产生了重要的作用和影响。它降低了主日犯罪率;弥补了贫民阶层日间教育的缺失;提高了工人阶级的文化水平,使他们成为工业社会的新型工人,并促进了工人阶级的形成。
[Abstract]:Sunday School came into being during the Industrial Revolution and was the product of the Industrial Revolution. Since Robert Rex founded his first Sunday School in 1780, it has sprung up from part of the country to the whole of England. Among them Sunday School Association and Sunday School Alliance two national organizations played an important role. In the middle of the nineteenth century, the size of Sunday school reached its peak, and then, under the influence of various factors, it gradually declined, marked by the promulgation of the Primary Education Act of 1870. Although Sunday schools still exist today, they have been transformed into a place of religious entertainment. Sunday School is an organization for the poor, mainly founded by churches and charities, and heavily funded by the middle class. Religious moral education is the main content of teaching, Bible is the most important textbook, and sometimes some secular education courses. With the development of Sunday schools, churches, the middle class, the working class and the government have their own aspirations and goals. In order to propagate the doctrine and increase the believers, the middle class in order to control the working people, maintain the social order, and train them as the new workers of their own service, the working class for the needs of their own development; The government fought for control of the education of the working people in the 1830 s. The Sunday School developed in the checks and balances of these main forces and played an important role and influence in the development of modern British capitalism. It reduces the Sunday crime rate, makes up for the lack of day education among the poor, raises the education level of the working class, makes them a new type of worker in the industrial society, and promotes the formation of the working class.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K561.4

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