奥古斯都时期行省政策探析

发布时间：2018-12-19 08:18

【摘要】： 罗马行省是历史发展的产物,同时又随着历史的变迁而发展变化。同样,罗马的行省政策也不是一成不变,完美无瑕的,它也是随着时代的更迭而由不成熟发展到逐渐完善的。罗马的扩张既迅速又无序,因此,罗马对于被征服地区没有一套预先设计好的政策供采用,加上罗马共和国城邦体制的原始、简单,使得当时的行省管理比较混乱、弊端丛生。概括起来,罗马共和时期行省管理主要有以下几个缺陷:第一,没有形成一个完整的疆界概念,以致没有形成行省管理的系统化和制度化。第二,没有由职业士兵组成的常备军驻守边疆和行省,“将无常兵,兵无常将”。第三,行省总督任命不够科学,比较随意,常使得无能之辈掌握行省大权。第四,中央政府缺乏对海外代理人的监控,导致不法事件丛出。第五,国家缺乏专业的公务人员管理财政。第六,行省和意大利地位相差悬殊。共和时期行省管理的诸多弊端给罗马社会的发展带来了不利的影响。于是,奥古斯都对共和时期的行省政策进行了大刀阔斧的改革,主要是调整和完善了共和时期行省管理的不足之处,着重改革了行省的体制机构和机制,在行省建立起比较完备的行省管理体制。这主要表现在以下几个方面:第一,明确国家的疆界,从整体上划分行省。第二,设常备军驻守边疆及行省。第三,严格按级晋升,选拔合格的总督。第四,加强对海外代理人的监控。第五,设置国家公务人员。第六,通过罗马化运动缩小意大利与行省的差距。通过奥古斯都对共和时期行省政策的改善,改革后的行省政策完善了罗马的行省管理体制,基本上结束了共和时期行省管理的混乱局面,奠定了罗马行省管理制度的基础,从而对行省以及整个帝国都产生了不可估量的影响:第一,加强了中央对地方的控制,维护了帝国的稳定。第二,恢复和发展了行省经济。第三,推动了行省的城市化运动以及城市的自治运动。第四,扩大了统治基础,促进了帝国政治的民主化。第五,规范了帝国对行省的治理。第六,加快了行省的罗马化进程。总之,奥古斯都时期的行省政策,保障了罗马国家在广袤的地中海区域建立起比较稳固的统治,加强了罗马中央政府对地方政权的管理和控制,推动了帝国境内的城市化进程,加快了西方行省文明建设的步伐,促进了帝国境内各地区、各民族之间的经济和文化交流,在罗马历史、欧洲历史乃至世界历史的发展进程中都产生了巨大的历史作用。
[Abstract]:The province of Rome is the product of historical development and changes with the change of history. Similarly, Rome's provincial policy is not inflexible, flawless, it has evolved from immaturity to perfection with the change of times. The expansion of Rome was both rapid and disorderly. Therefore, Rome did not have a set of pre-designed policies for the conquered areas, plus the primitive and simple city-state system of the Roman Republic, which made the management of provinces at that time more chaotic and flawed. To sum up, provincial management during the Roman Republic had the following defects: first, it did not form a complete boundary concept, so that it did not form the systematization and institutionalization of provincial management. Second, there is no standing army of professional soldiers stationed in the border areas and provinces, "will capricious soldiers, soldiers capricious general." Third, the appointment of provincial governors is not scientific and casual, often enabling the powerless to hold the province's power. Fourth, the central government's lack of monitoring of overseas agents led to illegal incidents. Fifth, the state lacks professional public servants to manage finance. Sixth, the provincial and Italian status is very different. The malpractice of provincial management in the Republican period brought adverse influence to the development of Roman society. As a result, Augustus carried out a radical reform of the provincial policy during the Republican period, mainly by adjusting and perfecting the deficiencies of provincial management during the Republican period, and focusing on reforming the institutional institutions and mechanisms of the provinces. A relatively complete provincial management system has been established in the provinces. This main performance in the following aspects: first, clear national boundaries, from the overall division of provinces. Second, the standing army stationed in the border areas and provinces. Third, strict promotion by rank, the selection of qualified Governor. Fourth, strengthen the monitoring of overseas agents. Fifth, the establishment of state civil servants. Sixth, through the Romanization movement to narrow the gap between Italy and provinces. Through the improvement of the provincial policy during the Republican period by Augustus, the reformed provincial policy improved the provincial management system in Rome, basically ended the chaos of the provincial management in the Republican period, and laid the foundation of the management system of the Roman province. It had an incalculable influence on the province and the whole empire. First, it strengthened the central control over the place and maintained the stability of the empire. Second, the provincial economy has been restored and developed. Thirdly, it promotes the urbanization movement of the province and the autonomous movement of the city. Fourthly, it expanded the ruling foundation and promoted the democratization of imperial politics. Fifth, regulate the imperial administration of the province. Sixth, the process of Romanization of the province was accelerated. In short, the provincial policy of Augustus ensured that the Roman state established relatively stable rule in the vast Mediterranean region, strengthened the management and control of local regimes by the central government of Rome, and promoted the process of urbanization in the empire. It quickened the pace of civilization construction in western provinces and promoted the economic and cultural exchanges among different regions and nationalities in the empire, which played a great historical role in the development of Roman history, European history and even world history.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K126

【共引文献】