加拿大民族认同的形成
发布时间：2018-12-20 16:16
【摘要】： 加拿大是世界上认同危机最大的国家,这是因为:加拿大不存在像其他民族国家从王权的前现代国家发展到现代民族国家的历史,因此,也没有那种从王权的忠诚发展到现代民族认同的深刻根源。在加拿大的历史记忆中,有的只是对大西洋彼岸法国王室和英国王室的忠诚;而加拿大英、法两个族裔的矛盾冲突以及美国的巨大影响更是加深了这种危机。即便如此,加拿大一直没有放弃寻找自己的民族特性,塑造统一的民族认同。加拿大的民族认同正是在抗击美国的领土扩张和经济、文化侵蚀的过程中以及对民族政策不断整合的过程中逐渐形成的。本文试图从影响加拿大民族认同的两个主要方面一美国的影响和英法裔的矛盾冲突作为切入点,着重研究加拿大民族认同形成的三个主要阶段:民族主义萌芽阶段,民族认同的发展阶段和形成阶段。本文共有五个部分。 第一部分:加拿大立国民族概况。着重介绍加拿大两个立国民族英裔和法裔早期的发展概况。通过研究英、法裔在发展过程中所形成的不同的民族特性来揭示英、法裔的矛盾和冲突的深刻根源。 第二部分:两次战争:民族主义的萌芽。美国独立战争和1812年战争是影响加拿大历史发展的两次战争。在这两次战争中,美国都曾武力入侵加拿大,激起了加拿大同仇敌忾的民族情绪。加拿大在战争中所形成的民族主义情绪使它进一步远离美国,走上一条独特的发展道路。 第三部分:联邦:培育民族认同的摇篮。联邦的形成既是殖民地发展的结果,更是抵御美国扩张的需要。统一的民族国家的建立无疑有助于民族意识的发展,增强加拿大人对互相认同的需求,“加拿大第一”运动的兴起就是一个重要表现。 第四部分:多元文化主义:统一的民族认同。加拿大的民族政策经历了从民族同化到二元文化再到多元文化政策的演变,多元文化政策不仅缓和了国内的民族矛盾,更有利于抵御美国文化的渗透,它所体现的包容性成为加拿大民族认同的实质。 第五部分:总结与思考。对前文的论述加以总结,希望通过对加拿大民族认同的整合给予有相似经历的民族国家以启示。
[Abstract]:Canada is the country with the greatest crisis in the world, because Canada does not have a history of developing from the pre-modern state of Wang Quan to the modern nation-state like other nation-states. Nor is there a profound root from Wang Quan's loyalty to modern national identity. In Canada's historical memory, there is only loyalty to the French royal family and the British royal family across the Atlantic Ocean, and the conflict between the two ethnic groups in Canada and France, as well as the enormous influence of the United States, have deepened the crisis. Even so, Canada has never given up looking for its own national identity and shaping a unified national identity. Canada's national identity is gradually formed in the process of resisting the territorial expansion and economic and cultural erosion of the United States as well as the continuous integration of national policies. This paper attempts to focus on the three main stages of the formation of Canadian national identity, namely, the budding stage of nationalism, from the two main aspects affecting Canadian national identity, namely, the influence of the United States and the conflict between the British and the French. The stage of development and formation of national identity. There are five parts in this paper. Part one: general situation of Canadian nation. Emphasis is placed on the early development of the two Canadian nations, British and French. By studying the different national characteristics of the British and French in the process of development, this paper reveals the deep root of the contradiction and conflict between the English and the French. The second part: two wars: the germination of nationalism. The American War of Independence and the War of 1812 were two wars that affected the history of Canada. In both wars, the United States invaded Canada by force, arousing the national sentiment of Canada. Canada's nationalist sentiments during the war took it further away from the United States and embarked on a unique path of development. The third part: the Federation: the cradle of cultivating national identity. The formation of the Commonwealth was not only the result of colonial development, but also the need to resist the expansion of the United States. The establishment of a unified nation-state is undoubtedly conducive to the development of national consciousness and the need for Canadians to identify with each other. The emergence of the "Canada first" Movement is an important manifestation. Part four: multiculturalism: unified national identity. Canada's national policy has undergone an evolution from national assimilation to dualistic culture to multicultural policy. The multicultural policy not only alleviates national contradictions in the country, but also helps to resist the infiltration of American culture. Its inclusiveness has become the essence of Canadian national identity. Part V: summary and reflection. This paper summarizes the previous discussion and hopes to enlighten the nation states with similar experiences through the integration of Canadian national identity.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K711
本文编号：2388232
[Abstract]:Canada is the country with the greatest crisis in the world, because Canada does not have a history of developing from the pre-modern state of Wang Quan to the modern nation-state like other nation-states. Nor is there a profound root from Wang Quan's loyalty to modern national identity. In Canada's historical memory, there is only loyalty to the French royal family and the British royal family across the Atlantic Ocean, and the conflict between the two ethnic groups in Canada and France, as well as the enormous influence of the United States, have deepened the crisis. Even so, Canada has never given up looking for its own national identity and shaping a unified national identity. Canada's national identity is gradually formed in the process of resisting the territorial expansion and economic and cultural erosion of the United States as well as the continuous integration of national policies. This paper attempts to focus on the three main stages of the formation of Canadian national identity, namely, the budding stage of nationalism, from the two main aspects affecting Canadian national identity, namely, the influence of the United States and the conflict between the British and the French. The stage of development and formation of national identity. There are five parts in this paper. Part one: general situation of Canadian nation. Emphasis is placed on the early development of the two Canadian nations, British and French. By studying the different national characteristics of the British and French in the process of development, this paper reveals the deep root of the contradiction and conflict between the English and the French. The second part: two wars: the germination of nationalism. The American War of Independence and the War of 1812 were two wars that affected the history of Canada. In both wars, the United States invaded Canada by force, arousing the national sentiment of Canada. Canada's nationalist sentiments during the war took it further away from the United States and embarked on a unique path of development. The third part: the Federation: the cradle of cultivating national identity. The formation of the Commonwealth was not only the result of colonial development, but also the need to resist the expansion of the United States. The establishment of a unified nation-state is undoubtedly conducive to the development of national consciousness and the need for Canadians to identify with each other. The emergence of the "Canada first" Movement is an important manifestation. Part four: multiculturalism: unified national identity. Canada's national policy has undergone an evolution from national assimilation to dualistic culture to multicultural policy. The multicultural policy not only alleviates national contradictions in the country, but also helps to resist the infiltration of American culture. Its inclusiveness has become the essence of Canadian national identity. Part V: summary and reflection. This paper summarizes the previous discussion and hopes to enlighten the nation states with similar experiences through the integration of Canadian national identity.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K711
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