1947—1957年苏联对以色列政策的演变
发布时间：2018-12-21 07:14
【摘要】： 本文主要对1947-1957年苏联对以色列政策作一番探讨。 苏联与英国在中东的争夺由来已久，二战前英国居于上风，中东几乎在英国的控制之下。第二次世界大战改变了苏联和英国的实力，苏联上升为一流强国，而英国则下降为二流国家。苏联、英国实力的升降也改变了两国在中东的争夺态势，排挤英国在中东的势力并取而代之就成了苏联既定国策。然而，苏联在二战中也遭受到重创，苏联主要利用战后中东的民族独立运动以达到赶走英国的目的。大多数阿拉伯国家的君主仍希望与英国合作，而犹太人为了实现其在巴勒斯坦建国的理想却走上了反抗英国殖民统治的道路。所以苏联在1947年4月英国把巴勒斯坦问题提交给联合国到1949年8月以色列加入联合国并与阿拉伯国家签定了全面停火协议为止，苏联支持犹太人在巴勒斯坦建国，并全力维护以色列的安全。 从1949年8月到1953年3月斯大林逝世，尽管苏联和阿拉伯国家的共同利益增多，然而斯大林对阿拉伯国家的民族主义看法仍没有太大的改变。尽管苏联确信犹太国家的生存必须依靠美国，但由于杜鲁门政府在中东比较看重阿拉伯国家，美国拒绝与以色列在军事上的任何合作，并拒绝保证以色列的安全。以色列不得不仍在两极之间徘徊，在某些重大的国际问题上仍与苏联保持一致。所以苏联虽停止了对以色列的援助，，甚至做出了与以色列断交的决定，但这一时期苏联也没作出危害以色列国家安全之举动，且一直坚持以色列存在的合法性。 斯大林逝世后，苏联虽然作出了恢复与以色列关系的决定，但其也加快了与阿拉伯国家联系的步伐。赫鲁晓夫上台后，逐步加大对阿拉伯国家援助的力度，其中包括大量的先进武器，这些对以色列的安全造成了极大的威胁。以色列也开始向西方集团靠拢。苏联和以色列的利益发生了冲突，苏联对以色列的敌视政策终于形成。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the Soviet Union's policy towards Israel from 1947 to 1957. The Soviet Union and Britain fought for a long time in the Middle East, where Britain prevailed before World War II, and the Middle East was almost under British control. World War II changed the strength of the Soviet Union and Britain, which rose to first-class power while Britain fell to second-rate power. The rise and fall of the Soviet Union and the British power also changed the competition between the two countries in the Middle East, crowding out the British power in the Middle East and replacing it with the Soviet Union's established national policy. However, the Soviet Union also suffered a heavy blow in World War II, mainly using the postwar Middle East National Independence Movement to drive away Britain. Most Arab monarchs still want to work with Britain, and Jews are on the path of resistance to British colonial rule in order to achieve their vision of a Palestinian state. So the Soviet Union referred the question of Palestine to the United Nations in April 1947 until Israel joined the United Nations in August 1949 and signed a comprehensive ceasefire agreement with the Arab countries. The Soviet Union supported the Jewish state in Palestine. And to maintain Israel's security. Stalin died from August 1949 to March 1953, but despite the growing common interests of the Soviet Union and the Arab countries, Stalin's views on Arab nationalism have not changed much. Although the Soviet Union was convinced that the survival of the Jewish state depended on the United States, the United States refused to cooperate militarily with Israel and to guarantee Israel's security because the Truman administration valued the Arab States more in the Middle East. Israel had to remain between the two poles and remain in line with the Soviet Union on some major international issues. So although the Soviet Union stopped its aid to Israel and even made the decision to break relations with Israel, the Soviet Union did not do anything to endanger Israel's national security during this period, and it always insisted on the legitimacy of Israel's existence. After Stalin's death, the Soviet Union made the decision to restore relations with Israel, but it also accelerated its ties with Arab countries. After Khrushchev came to power, he gradually increased his aid to Arab countries, including a large number of advanced weapons, which posed a great threat to Israel's security. Israel, too, is moving closer to the Western bloc. There was a conflict of interest between the Soviet Union and Israel, and the Soviet hostile policy towards Israel finally came into being.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D851.2;K512.5
本文编号：2388550
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the Soviet Union's policy towards Israel from 1947 to 1957. The Soviet Union and Britain fought for a long time in the Middle East, where Britain prevailed before World War II, and the Middle East was almost under British control. World War II changed the strength of the Soviet Union and Britain, which rose to first-class power while Britain fell to second-rate power. The rise and fall of the Soviet Union and the British power also changed the competition between the two countries in the Middle East, crowding out the British power in the Middle East and replacing it with the Soviet Union's established national policy. However, the Soviet Union also suffered a heavy blow in World War II, mainly using the postwar Middle East National Independence Movement to drive away Britain. Most Arab monarchs still want to work with Britain, and Jews are on the path of resistance to British colonial rule in order to achieve their vision of a Palestinian state. So the Soviet Union referred the question of Palestine to the United Nations in April 1947 until Israel joined the United Nations in August 1949 and signed a comprehensive ceasefire agreement with the Arab countries. The Soviet Union supported the Jewish state in Palestine. And to maintain Israel's security. Stalin died from August 1949 to March 1953, but despite the growing common interests of the Soviet Union and the Arab countries, Stalin's views on Arab nationalism have not changed much. Although the Soviet Union was convinced that the survival of the Jewish state depended on the United States, the United States refused to cooperate militarily with Israel and to guarantee Israel's security because the Truman administration valued the Arab States more in the Middle East. Israel had to remain between the two poles and remain in line with the Soviet Union on some major international issues. So although the Soviet Union stopped its aid to Israel and even made the decision to break relations with Israel, the Soviet Union did not do anything to endanger Israel's national security during this period, and it always insisted on the legitimacy of Israel's existence. After Stalin's death, the Soviet Union made the decision to restore relations with Israel, but it also accelerated its ties with Arab countries. After Khrushchev came to power, he gradually increased his aid to Arab countries, including a large number of advanced weapons, which posed a great threat to Israel's security. Israel, too, is moving closer to the Western bloc. There was a conflict of interest between the Soviet Union and Israel, and the Soviet hostile policy towards Israel finally came into being.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D851.2;K512.5
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 张雪;苏联中东政策的调整及实践（1954-1956）[D];首都师范大学;2011年
2 周敏;以色列联盟战略研究[D];上海外国语大学;2012年
本文编号：2388550
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