社会生活中的古代埃及妇女（公元前3000年—前1086年）

发布时间：2018-12-26 06:54

【摘要】：近些年来随着全球女权运动的高涨,女性作为一个特殊的群体不断被人们所关注,历史研究也不例外。众所周知,任何文明的发展和演进都是男性和女性共同努力的结果。但是,当我们翻阅古埃及的各类文献时会发现,大部分篇幅都与男性的历史活动有关,对于女性的记载却屈指可数。而埃及学界目前对女性群体的研究则大多以家庭为切入点,因为古代女性多扮演着家庭妇女角色。尽管我们不可否认,古代女性在参与社会活动的广度和深度方面是较为有限的。不过,这并不意味着她们应被完全排除在这一体系之外。基于以上问题,本文试图从社会生活的角度对古埃及女性进行较为全面的研究。由于政治环境、经济基础以及生理条件方面的限制,在古代埃及并非所有的行业都对女性开放。例如,在某些历史时期古埃及社会中上层的女性,特别是王室成员中的女子会有更多机会参与到行政管理中,但其人数和所任官职的品级都远远不及男性。而处于社会中下层的女性则几乎没有任何参与国家政治活动的机会。她们更多的是以自由民身份参与社会经济活动,并以赚取一定的经济报酬为目的。然而,参与这些经济活动中的女性,其职业也仅限于一些一般性的服务行业,以及在市场从事手工制品的交换活动,等等。而作为古埃及主要经济支柱的农业、采矿、冶金和建筑等行业则基本由男性垄断。另外,非自由民女性往往会以家内女仆的身份出现,属于主人的私有财产。总之,从政治和经济两种角度分析,古代埃及妇女在整个历史时期中仍处于从属地位,因而男尊女卑的观念同样适用于古埃及社会。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rise of the global feminist movement, women, as a special group, have been paid more and more attention, and the historical research is no exception. As we all know, the development and evolution of any civilization is the result of the joint efforts of men and women. But when we look at all kinds of ancient Egyptian literature, we find that most of the space is related to the historical activities of men, but there are very few records of women. At present, most of the researches on women's groups in Egypt take the family as the starting point, because the ancient women mostly played the role of housewives. Although we can't deny that ancient women's participation in social activities in the breadth and depth is relatively limited. However, this does not mean that they should be completely excluded from the system. Based on the above problems, this paper attempts to make a comprehensive study of women in ancient Egypt from the point of view of social life. Not all industries in ancient Egypt were open to women due to political, economic and physiological constraints. For example, in some historical times, women in the upper middle and upper echelons of Egyptian society, especially among the royal family, will have more opportunities to participate in the administration, but their number and rank are far lower than that of men. Women in the lower classes of society have little chance of participating in national politics. They are more free to participate in social and economic activities, and to earn a certain economic reward for the purpose. However, the occupations of women involved in these economic activities are limited to some general service industries, the exchange of handicrafts in the market, and so on. Agriculture, mining, metallurgy and construction, the mainstay of Egypt's economy, were largely dominated by men. In addition, non-free women tend to appear as domestic maids and belong to the owner's private property. In a word, from the angle of politics and economy, the ancient Egyptian women are still in the subordinate position in the whole historical period, so the idea of the inferiority of men and women also applies to the ancient Egyptian society.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K411.2

【相似文献】