社会性别视角下巴列维时期妇女就业问题探究

发布时间：2018-12-28 13:45

【摘要】： 1941年巴列维国王宣誓即位后,为了维护其利益集团的统治,针对当时国家面临的问题,展开了围绕六点计划而进行的社会改革—白色革命。在这场轰轰烈烈的改革中,妇女再次进入到人们的视野中。妇女的教育、就业、健康等社会状况较以前相比都有一定程度的提高,但是在这令世人欣慰的数字后面,妇女的就业状况究竟如何,是否会存在一定的性别困境呢?这些问题需要进一步研究才能得出结论。本文以社会性别理论为指导,从发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的原则出发,分三部分来探讨巴列维时期妇女就业存在严重的职业性别隔离现象。通过对该时期妇女就业问题的研究,对我国妇女就业问题有一定的借鉴和启迪作用。本文首先论述了巴列维时期妇女就业存在的性别困境。巴列维的白色革命使妇女就业率有所提高,但是妇女在打破传统,响应国家号召的情况下,走出家门外出工作却遇到许多困难,诸如:女性受教育程度相对男性而言普遍偏低,城乡女性存在着教育差距,这使得女性在同男性的社会工作竞争中处于劣势,只能从事那些工资水平低、劳动强度大和社会地位低的工作,造成男女两性在工作中的职业性别隔离。再加上,妇女本身存在的性别困境,以及在家庭经济中的从属地位,女性就业率就更加难以保障。这些都是性别困境的表现。其次,文章分析造成巴列维时期妇女就业问题的成因。大体上,由于伊朗伊斯兰教传统形成的社会性别观念影响整个社会和妇女本身的就业观念;在当时的社会条件下,巴列维国王及政府所采取的一系列政策对妇女就业产生了消极的影响。最后,笔者对提高妇女就业问题进行了探索。文章认为要提高妇女就业需要社会各界改变传统的社会性别观念,制定相应的措施和法律,引导妇女、鼓励妇女和帮助妇女走出家庭,踏上工作岗位。作为妇女自身来说,也要改变其传统思想对自己的禁锢,努力提高自身的文化素质,积极投身到国家建设的浪潮中,为实现国家的富强和个人的经济自立而不懈努力。
[Abstract]:In 1941, when King Baleway took the oath of office, in order to maintain the rule of his interest group, the white revolution, a social reform around the six-point plan, was launched in response to the problems faced by the country at that time. In this spectacular reform, women once again came into view. Women's social conditions, such as education, employment and health, have improved to a certain extent compared with the past. But behind this comforting figure, what is the employment situation of women?. Will there be a certain gender dilemma?. These problems require further study before they can be concluded. Under the guidance of gender theory, this paper discusses the serious occupational gender segregation in the employment of women in Baleway period from the principles of problem finding, problem analysis and problem solving. Through the study of the employment of women in this period, it has a certain reference and enlightening effect to the employment of women in our country. This paper first discusses the gender dilemma of women's employment in Baleway period. The white revolution in Baleway led to an increase in the employment rate of women, but women, breaking with tradition and responding to the call of the State, encountered many difficulties in leaving the home to work, such as the fact that women's educational attainment was generally lower than that of men. There is an educational gap between urban and rural women, which puts women at a disadvantage in the competition for social work with men. They can only do jobs with low wages, high labor intensity and low social status. Create occupational segregation between men and women at work. Combined with women's own gender dilemmas and their subordinate position in the family economy, female employment rates are even more difficult to secure. These are manifestations of gender dilemmas. Secondly, the article analyzes the causes of the employment of women in the Baleway period. (a) in general, the gender perspective, which is shaped by Islamic traditions in Iran, affects the employment concept of society as a whole and of women themselves; Under the social conditions at that time, a series of policies adopted by King Baleway and his government had a negative impact on women's employment. Finally, the author explores how to improve the employment of women. The article holds that to improve the employment of women, it is necessary for all walks of life to change the traditional concept of gender, to formulate corresponding measures and laws, to guide women, to encourage women and to help women go out of their families and to set foot on their jobs. As women themselves, they should also change their traditional thoughts to restrain themselves, strive to improve their own cultural quality, actively devote themselves to the tide of national construction, and make unremitting efforts to realize the prosperity of the country and the economic independence of the individual.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K373

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