冷战与美国的外层空间政策（1945—1969）
发布时间：2018-12-31 17:02
【摘要】：上个世纪,人类历史发展进程中最为重大的事件之一是苏联发射了一颗人造地球卫星,从而使人类社会进入了“太空时代”。“太空时代”的到来不仅深刻影响了各国人民的生产、生活与思想观念,影响了民族国家政策的制定和国际关系的演变,更因其与上个世纪特殊的国际关系形态 冷战 相结合,转而对人类历史的发展进程产生了深远的影响。作为外层空间强国之一的美国,其外空决策受冷战国际环境的影响和制约最为深广。冷战,从根本上改变了美国(还有苏联以及其它大国)外层空间政策发展的轨迹,反过来,“太空时代”的到来,空间大国外空政策的执行,也在某种程度上影响了冷战的深度和广度,甚至促成了冷战形态的质变。 本文利用美国政府的大量原始解密档案并借鉴相关的研究成果,试图追溯从杜鲁门政府到约翰逊政府时期美国外层空间政策发展演变的轨迹,从而揭示冷战对美国外空决策的巨大影响,以及作为双向互动的结果,美国的外层空间决策又在何种程度上以何种方式影响了冷战的进程。由于外层空间在当代政治、经济、军事领域扮演着愈益重要的角色,更由于作为空间强国之一的美国至今仍保有冷战思维,因而厘清美国政府外层空间政策的发展脉络,探究美国政府外空决策的本质和动机,有助于包括中国在内其它致力于外空发展的国家应时而动,寻找本国外层空间发展的最好方式和策略。 本文在综合运用国际关系理论、国际政治理论和政治心理学等学说理论的基础上,对来源广泛的美国政府解密文件进行了细致的梳理分析,最终试图说明问题如下:(1)受冷战国际关系的影响,美国的外层空间政策从一开始就成为东西方两大集团冷战威信竞争、军事实力竞争和政治利益竞争的产物,冷战本身也因此发生了某种程度上的质变;(2)美国决策者制定外层空间政策的心理动因是根源于“过度威胁预期”和“记忆恐惧”的冷战认知,并最终导致冷战中对潜在对手的“过度防御心理”;(3)在进入“太空时代”甚至在此之前,美国政府已经怀有为美国的“绝对安全”和“最大利益”而控制外层空间这一“最后的高边疆”的战略考虑,并且这一“高边疆”战略在后冷战时代继续得到加强。
[Abstract]:In the last century, one of the most important events in the development of human history was the launch of an artificial earth satellite by the Soviet Union, which made the human society enter the "space age". The arrival of the "Space Age" not only profoundly affected the production, life and ideology of the people of all countries, but also affected the formulation of national policies and the evolution of international relations. Because of its combination with the special form of international relations in the last century, it has exerted a profound influence on the development of human history. As one of the great powers in outer space, the United States is most deeply influenced and restricted by the international environment of the Cold War. The Cold War fundamentally changed the trajectory of the development of the outer space policy of the United States (as well as the Soviet Union and other major powers). In turn, the arrival of the "space age" and the implementation of space foreign space policies, To some extent, it also affected the depth and breadth of the Cold War, and even contributed to the qualitative change of the Cold War form. Based on a large number of original declassified files of the United States Government and relevant research results, this paper attempts to trace the evolution of the United States outer space policy from the Truman Administration to the Johnson Administration. Thus, it reveals the great influence of the Cold War on American outer space decision-making and, as a result of two-way interaction, to what extent American outer space decision-making has influenced the process of the Cold War. Because outer space plays an increasingly important role in contemporary politics, economy, and military affairs, and because the United States, as one of the space powers, still retains the Cold War mentality, it clarifies the development of the US government's outer space policy. Exploring the nature and motivation of the U.S. government's outer space decision will help other countries, including China, to find the best way and strategy for the development of outer space. Based on the comprehensive application of the theories of international relations, international politics and political psychology, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the declassified documents of the US government from a wide range of sources. Finally trying to explain the following issues: (1) under the influence of the Cold War international relations, the United States outer space policy has been the product of the Cold War prestige competition, military power competition and political interest competition between the two major groups of the East and the West from the very beginning. As a result, the Cold War itself has undergone a certain degree of qualitative change; (II) the psychological drivers of the development of outer space policies by United States policy makers are cold war perceptions rooted in "excessive threat expectations" and "memory fears", and ultimately lead to "over-defensive psychology" against potential adversaries in the cold war; (3) before entering the "space age" or even before that, the United States Government had harboured the strategic consideration of controlling outer space, the "final high frontier", for the sake of the "absolute security" and "best interests" of the United States, And this "high frontier" strategy continues to be strengthened in the post-cold-war era.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K712.5
本文编号：2396866
[Abstract]:In the last century, one of the most important events in the development of human history was the launch of an artificial earth satellite by the Soviet Union, which made the human society enter the "space age". The arrival of the "Space Age" not only profoundly affected the production, life and ideology of the people of all countries, but also affected the formulation of national policies and the evolution of international relations. Because of its combination with the special form of international relations in the last century, it has exerted a profound influence on the development of human history. As one of the great powers in outer space, the United States is most deeply influenced and restricted by the international environment of the Cold War. The Cold War fundamentally changed the trajectory of the development of the outer space policy of the United States (as well as the Soviet Union and other major powers). In turn, the arrival of the "space age" and the implementation of space foreign space policies, To some extent, it also affected the depth and breadth of the Cold War, and even contributed to the qualitative change of the Cold War form. Based on a large number of original declassified files of the United States Government and relevant research results, this paper attempts to trace the evolution of the United States outer space policy from the Truman Administration to the Johnson Administration. Thus, it reveals the great influence of the Cold War on American outer space decision-making and, as a result of two-way interaction, to what extent American outer space decision-making has influenced the process of the Cold War. Because outer space plays an increasingly important role in contemporary politics, economy, and military affairs, and because the United States, as one of the space powers, still retains the Cold War mentality, it clarifies the development of the US government's outer space policy. Exploring the nature and motivation of the U.S. government's outer space decision will help other countries, including China, to find the best way and strategy for the development of outer space. Based on the comprehensive application of the theories of international relations, international politics and political psychology, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the declassified documents of the US government from a wide range of sources. Finally trying to explain the following issues: (1) under the influence of the Cold War international relations, the United States outer space policy has been the product of the Cold War prestige competition, military power competition and political interest competition between the two major groups of the East and the West from the very beginning. As a result, the Cold War itself has undergone a certain degree of qualitative change; (II) the psychological drivers of the development of outer space policies by United States policy makers are cold war perceptions rooted in "excessive threat expectations" and "memory fears", and ultimately lead to "over-defensive psychology" against potential adversaries in the cold war; (3) before entering the "space age" or even before that, the United States Government had harboured the strategic consideration of controlling outer space, the "final high frontier", for the sake of the "absolute security" and "best interests" of the United States, And this "high frontier" strategy continues to be strengthened in the post-cold-war era.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K712.5
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 沈文杰;;历史学全国优秀博士学位论文产出分析[J];法制与经济(中旬刊);2010年11期
相关博士学位论文 前2条
1 沈鹏;二战后国家主权管辖范围外区域美国外交决策研究—资源与利益的视角[D];外交学院;2009年
2 国洪梅;美国对苏联的政策研究（1933-1941）[D];东北师范大学;2009年
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 张艳萍;艾森豪威尔政府军备控制政策（1953-1956）[D];暨南大学;2008年
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