行政集权：现代美国官僚政治研究
发布时间：2019-01-05 09:12
【摘要】：本文以历史唯物主义为理论指导，综合运用历史学、政治学和行政管理学等多学科相结合的研究方法，对现代美国官僚政治进行整体的考察与分析。通过这一问题的研究，不仅揭示出现代美国官僚政治的产生、发展及其所带来的社会影响，而且揭示出官僚政治与美国政治和社会的“多元性”特征、文官制度对官僚的“保护性”措施、美国政治体制的发展演变以及与现代美国社会对官僚的“依赖性”加强等之间的关系与关联，从而进一步揭示出官僚政治的产生与官僚主义的泛滥是20世纪美国政治中的一个不可避免的现象。全文由序言、正文和结束语三个部分组成。 序言部分主要界定官僚与官僚政治的概念，说明本文的选题意义、中美学术界的研究状况、本文的主要内容、作者的基本思路以及研究方法。 正文部分包括五章。第一章讨论文官制度的建立与文官势力的膨胀。这一章以1883年《彭德尔顿法》颁布和文官制度建立为分界线，阐述文官制度建立前后美国政府中政治与行政功能的变化(特别是文官身份和地位的变化)。通过这种变化的分析，进一步揭示出文官制度与官僚政治的关系；第二章讨论官僚集团与行政首脑的冲突。这一章以美国政治的“分权与制衡”原则为基本理论点，一方面论述联邦政府中联邦政治体制对总统行政权的制约，另一方面论述行政部门内部官僚与总统的关系以及官僚对总统行政权的挑战。第三章讨论官僚集团与国会立法权的委托。这一章从“分权与制衡”理论出发，不仅揭示了美国国会和总统共同分享管理行政部门权力的特征，而且揭示了通过委托立法权的办法，，国会进一步在行政部门内与官僚建立某种联系与“默契”关系的事实，从而为官僚集团控制政府奠定了政治基础。第四章讨论官僚集团与社会势力的合流。这一章从美国社会多元性特征入手，一方面探析美国政党制度的衰落与利益集团兴起的根本原因，另一方面阐述官僚通过利 益集团在社会层面找到了支持力量，从而为官僚集团垄断政府奠定了社 会基础。第五章讨论官僚政治的发展与官僚主义的泛滥。这一章从20 世纪美国政治体制发展变化所带来的三权“分立与制衡”的政治结构向 行政部门倾斜和美国经济与政治的发展所带来的社会利益日益细碎的 现象入手，阐述官僚政治的产生与官僚主义的泛滥，从而从政治与社会 的双重角度来进一步论证现代美国官僚政治的政治与社会基础。 结束语部分对全文内容进行总结升华，并从多个层面和多个角度来 进一步分析美国现代官僚政治产生的原因。
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of historical materialism, this paper makes a comprehensive investigation and analysis of modern American bureaucracy by using the methods of combining history, political science and administrative management. Through the study of this issue, not only the emergence, development and social impact of modern American bureaucracy are revealed, but also the "pluralistic" characteristics of bureaucracy and American politics and society are revealed. The "protective" measures of the civil service system to the bureaucrats, the development and evolution of the American political system, and the relationship and relationship with the "dependence" of the modern American society on the bureaucrats, etc. It further reveals that the emergence of bureaucracy and the proliferation of bureaucracy is an inevitable phenomenon in American politics in the 20 ~ (th) century. The full text consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface mainly defines the concepts of bureaucracy and bureaucrat politics, explains the significance of this paper, the research status of Chinese and American academic circles, the main contents of this paper, the author's basic ideas and research methods. The text includes five chapters. The first chapter discusses the establishment of civil service system and the expansion of civil power. This chapter takes the promulgation of the Pendleton Act of 1883 and the establishment of the civil service system as the dividing line, and expounds the changes in the political and administrative functions of the United States government before and after the establishment of the civil service system (especially the changes in the status and status of the civil service). Through the analysis of this change, the relationship between civil service system and bureaucrat politics is further revealed. The second chapter discusses the conflict between bureaucratic group and executive head. This chapter takes the principle of "separation of powers and checks and balances" in American politics as the basic theoretical point. On the one hand, it discusses the restriction of the federal political system on the executive power of the president in the federal government. On the other hand, it discusses the relationship between the bureaucrats and the president and the challenges of the bureaucrats to the executive power of the president. The third chapter discusses the bureaucracy and the delegation of legislative power in Congress. Starting from the theory of "separation of powers and checks and balances", this chapter not only reveals the characteristics of the joint sharing of executive power between the Congress and the President of the United States, but also reveals the method of delegating legislative power. The fact that Congress further established a connection with bureaucrats within the executive branch and "tacit understanding" laid the political foundation for bureaucrats to control government. The fourth chapter discusses the combination of bureaucratic groups and social forces. This chapter begins with the pluralistic characteristics of American society. On the one hand, it explores the fundamental reasons for the decline of the American political party system and the rise of interest groups. On the other hand, it explains that bureaucrats have found the support force in the social level through the benefit group, thus laid the foundation of the social society for the bureaucrat group to monopolize the government. The fifth chapter discusses the development of bureaucracy and the spread of bureaucracy. This chapter inclines from the political structure of "separation and checks and balances" brought about by the development and change of American political system in the 20th century to the executive branch and the development of American economy and politics. The social benefits brought by the exhibition are becoming more and more delicate. This paper expounds the emergence of bureaucracy and the proliferation of bureaucracy, and further demonstrates the political and social basis of modern American bureaucracy from the perspective of politics and society. The conclusion part summarizes and sublimates the content of the full text and further analyzes the causes of American modern bureaucracy from many aspects and angles.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K712
本文编号：2401561
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of historical materialism, this paper makes a comprehensive investigation and analysis of modern American bureaucracy by using the methods of combining history, political science and administrative management. Through the study of this issue, not only the emergence, development and social impact of modern American bureaucracy are revealed, but also the "pluralistic" characteristics of bureaucracy and American politics and society are revealed. The "protective" measures of the civil service system to the bureaucrats, the development and evolution of the American political system, and the relationship and relationship with the "dependence" of the modern American society on the bureaucrats, etc. It further reveals that the emergence of bureaucracy and the proliferation of bureaucracy is an inevitable phenomenon in American politics in the 20 ~ (th) century. The full text consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface mainly defines the concepts of bureaucracy and bureaucrat politics, explains the significance of this paper, the research status of Chinese and American academic circles, the main contents of this paper, the author's basic ideas and research methods. The text includes five chapters. The first chapter discusses the establishment of civil service system and the expansion of civil power. This chapter takes the promulgation of the Pendleton Act of 1883 and the establishment of the civil service system as the dividing line, and expounds the changes in the political and administrative functions of the United States government before and after the establishment of the civil service system (especially the changes in the status and status of the civil service). Through the analysis of this change, the relationship between civil service system and bureaucrat politics is further revealed. The second chapter discusses the conflict between bureaucratic group and executive head. This chapter takes the principle of "separation of powers and checks and balances" in American politics as the basic theoretical point. On the one hand, it discusses the restriction of the federal political system on the executive power of the president in the federal government. On the other hand, it discusses the relationship between the bureaucrats and the president and the challenges of the bureaucrats to the executive power of the president. The third chapter discusses the bureaucracy and the delegation of legislative power in Congress. Starting from the theory of "separation of powers and checks and balances", this chapter not only reveals the characteristics of the joint sharing of executive power between the Congress and the President of the United States, but also reveals the method of delegating legislative power. The fact that Congress further established a connection with bureaucrats within the executive branch and "tacit understanding" laid the political foundation for bureaucrats to control government. The fourth chapter discusses the combination of bureaucratic groups and social forces. This chapter begins with the pluralistic characteristics of American society. On the one hand, it explores the fundamental reasons for the decline of the American political party system and the rise of interest groups. On the other hand, it explains that bureaucrats have found the support force in the social level through the benefit group, thus laid the foundation of the social society for the bureaucrat group to monopolize the government. The fifth chapter discusses the development of bureaucracy and the spread of bureaucracy. This chapter inclines from the political structure of "separation and checks and balances" brought about by the development and change of American political system in the 20th century to the executive branch and the development of American economy and politics. The social benefits brought by the exhibition are becoming more and more delicate. This paper expounds the emergence of bureaucracy and the proliferation of bureaucracy, and further demonstrates the political and social basis of modern American bureaucracy from the perspective of politics and society. The conclusion part summarizes and sublimates the content of the full text and further analyzes the causes of American modern bureaucracy from many aspects and angles.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K712
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 石庆环;英美文官制度的模式差异及其历史影响[J];世界历史;2001年06期
2 石庆环;20世纪美国文官制度的历史回顾[J];美国研究;2001年02期
本文编号：2401561
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