应对戴高乐主义：美国对法政策研究（1958-1968）

发布时间：2019-01-09 12:41

【摘要】： 1958年6月,戴高乐第二次执掌法国,推行戴高乐主义的外交政策,对美国霸权发起挑战。本文主要考察在面对戴高乐主义的挑战时,美国的决策过程、推行政策以及效果。 1958年6-7月,戴高乐相继对英美发表了戴高乐主义外交宣言,而美国虽欢迎戴高乐上台,却不欢迎戴高乐主义。1958-1960年,戴高乐提出了要改组北约的“九月备忘录”,收回了隶属北约的地中海舰队,并进行第一次成功的核试验。艾森豪威尔政府虽然同意举行三边会谈,但拒绝戴高乐主义的根本原则。肯尼迪政府时期,美法矛盾进一步公开化,具体体现在双方的欧洲战略分歧上。肯尼迪想要宏伟计划,戴高乐想要伟大,两种不同的欧洲战略不可避免的发生碰撞。与前任政府相比,肯尼迪在应对戴高乐主义上多了些主动出击的色彩,而结果却是两败俱伤。宏伟计划没有完成,戴高乐主义中的欧洲建设也遭遇挫败。约翰逊继承总统职位后,戴高乐先是在1964年1月承认新中国,继而在1966年3月提出要完全退出北约军事一体化,美法矛盾到达顶点。面对戴高乐的这些挑战,约翰逊实行了小心谨慎的政策,结果美国遏制了中法建交的冲击,加强了北约,并成功把法国保持在联盟内。通过对一些重要问题的深入探讨和对戴高乐时期美法关系的全面透视,我们可以发现,虽然美法两国一直矛盾不断,但仍保持着同盟关系。美法维持同盟既有利益纠葛,也有意识形态因素。“动荡的同盟”是美法关系的基本特征。美国对戴高乐主义的应对政策,基本取得了成功。美国保持了在西方的霸主地位,加强了北约,防止核扩散到德国,削弱了戴高乐主义的影响。而戴高乐主义,并未取得重大成功,它只是实现了独立,而没有实现伟大。
[Abstract]:In June 1958, de Gaulle took charge of France for the second time, pursuing Gaullism's foreign policy and challenging American hegemony. In the face of the challenge of de Gaullism, this paper mainly examines the decision-making process, policy implementation and effect of the United States. From June to July 1958, Charles de Gaulle issued a de Gaullism diplomatic declaration to Britain and the United States one after another. While the United States welcomed de Gaulle to power, it did not welcome it. From 1958 to 1960, de Gaulle proposed a "September Memorandum" to restructure NATO. The Mediterranean Fleet, which is part of NATO, was withdrawn and the first successful nuclear test was conducted. While the Eisenhower administration agreed to the trilateral talks, it rejected the fundamental principles of de Gaullism. During the Kennedy administration, the contradiction between the United States and France became more open, which was embodied in the differences of European strategy between the two sides. Kennedy wants grand plans, de Gaulle wants greatness, and two different European strategies inevitably collide. Kennedy was more aggressive than his predecessor in dealing with de Gaullism and ended up losing both. The grand plan was not completed, and the construction of Europe in de Gaullism was thwarted. After Johnson succeeded the presidency, Charles de Gaulle first recognized the new China in January 1964, then in March 1966 proposed to withdraw completely from NATO military integration, the contradiction between the United States and France reached its climax. In the face of these challenges from Charles de Gaulle, Johnson adopted a cautious policy. As a result, the United States contained the impact of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France, strengthened NATO, and succeeded in keeping France in the alliance. Through a thorough discussion of some important issues and a comprehensive perspective on the relationship between the United States and France during the Charles de Gaulle period, we can find that although the United States and France have been in constant contradiction, they still maintain an alliance relationship. The United States and France maintain the alliance with both interests and ideological factors. The turbulent alliance is the basic characteristic of American-French relations. America's policy toward de Gaullism was basically successful. The United States maintained its hegemony in the West, strengthened NATO, prevented proliferation to Germany and weakened the influence of de Gaullism. De Gaullism, however, did not achieve great success. It achieved independence, not greatness.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712.54

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