太平洋战争时期中英在缅甸的合作与分歧

发布时间：2019-01-09 15:15

【摘要】：太平洋战争期间中英关系是抗日战争时期中外关系重要的组成部分,而中英在缅甸地区的合作与分歧直接影响到中英关系的发展。本文就以时间顺序详细阐述太平洋战争前后缅甸地区中英之间所发生的事件,并对这些事件背后的政治纠葛进行分析。文章第一部分首先分析太平洋战争前中英两国的外交政策及原因。太平洋战争之前,英国对法西斯国家执行的是绥靖政策,主要是想为英国维持现状,不愿意冒险反抗法西斯而损害自身利益。像在欧洲通过牺牲小国利益绥靖德意法西斯一样,在远东英国同样通过牺牲中国利益对日本绥靖。中国虽然在外交上多次争取英国,但是屡屡失败。中英在政治上处于相互不信任的状态,这就是太平洋战争时中英合作的背景。文章第二部分论述的是滇缅公路危机。英国关闭滇缅公路是太平洋战争爆发前对日绥靖政策的延续,英国企图通过这种方法避免对日战争,这种割肉饲虎的方法非但没有带来和平,反而刺激了日本的野心。在英国外交政策转变后,英国开始寻求与中国合作,共同抗击日本。虽然英国处理滇缅公路危机的方法又增加了中英之间的不信任感,但是重开滇缅公路还是为太平洋战争爆发后中英的合作开启了一扇大门。太平洋战争爆发后,英国在远东的殖民地遭到日军进攻,缅甸也不能幸免。在缅甸情势危机后,英国向中国求援,中英开始了在军事上的合作。但是中英的合作矛盾重重,缅甸很快就被日军占领。缅甸的快速陷落既是因为日军的强大,也是来自于中英联军内部的问题。第三部分就从联军内部矛盾入手,分析中英双方此次军事合作失败的原因,以及缅甸沦陷对接下来中英合作的影响。第四部分展现了缅甸沦陷后盟军历次重要军事会议对于反攻缅甸的讨论。在诸次会议中,中美英三国围绕反攻缅甸问题反复进行讨论。虽然达成过数次协议,但是反攻缅甸的行动一直未能进行,在这些会议背后充斥着中美英三国全球战略的冲突。中英在这一时期的合作更加复杂,中英在全球战略方面存在着不可调和的矛盾。第五部分论述了中英在缅甸地区合作中英国深层次的政治考量,以时间为主轴,全盘分析了英国战后远东政策对中英合作的影响。在收复缅甸的问题上,英国排除中国因素,企图不劳而获。面对第二次世界大战中中国逐步成为四大国的一员,英国在抗击日本和限制中国强大中反复纠结,通过各种方式限制中国,为战后顺利回到远东铺路。本文通过对中英在缅甸地区合作与分歧的系统研究,揭示太平洋战争时期中英合作与分歧的深刻原因,对人们进一步认识这一时期中英外交关系将大有裨益。
[Abstract]:Sino-British relations during the Pacific War were an important part of Sino-foreign relations during the Anti-Japanese War, and the Sino-British cooperation and differences in Myanmar directly affected the development of Sino-British relations. In this paper, the events between China and Britain in Burma before and after the Pacific War are described in detail in chronological order, and the political disputes behind these events are analyzed. The first part first analyzes the foreign policy and reasons of China and Britain before the Pacific War. Before the Pacific War, Britain carried out a policy of appeasement to fascist countries, mainly to maintain the status quo for Britain and was unwilling to risk resisting fascism to the detriment of its own interests. As in Europe by appeasement at the expense of small countries, so in the far East Britain appeased Japan at the expense of China. Although China has won over Britain many times in diplomacy, it has repeatedly failed. The political distrust between China and Britain is the background of Sino-British cooperation in the Pacific War. The second part of the article discusses the Yunnan-Burma Highway crisis. The closure of the Burma Highway was a continuation of the appeasement policy towards Japan before the outbreak of the Pacific War. Britain tried to avoid the war against Japan by this method, which not only did not bring peace, but also stimulated Japan's ambitions. After the change of British foreign policy, Britain began to seek cooperation with China to fight Japan. Although the British way of dealing with the Yunnan-Burma Highway crisis has increased the distrust between China and Britain, the re-opening of the Dian-Myanmar Highway still opens the door for Sino-British cooperation after the Pacific War broke out. After the Pacific War broke out, British colonies in the far East were attacked by Japanese troops, and Burma was not spared. After the crisis in Burma, Britain turned to China for help, and China and Britain began military cooperation. But Sino-British cooperation was fraught with contradictions, and Myanmar was soon overrun by Japanese forces. Burma's rapid fall was due both to the strength of the Japanese army and to problems within the Sino-British coalition. The third part analyzes the causes of the failure of Sino-British military cooperation and the impact of the fall of Myanmar on Sino-British cooperation. The fourth part shows the discussion of counter-attack on Burma after the fall of Burma. During the meetings, the three countries repeatedly discussed the issue of counter-attack on Burma. Despite several agreements, the counter-attack on Myanmar has failed, and the meetings have been rife with conflicts over the global strategies of China, the United States and the United Kingdom. Sino-British cooperation in this period is more complex, there are irreconcilable contradictions in the global strategy between China and Britain. The fifth part discusses the British political considerations in the Sino-British cooperation in Myanmar, taking time as the main axis, and analyzes the influence of the British far East policy on the Sino-British cooperation after the war. In the recovery of Myanmar, Britain excluded the Chinese factor in an attempt to gain for nothing. Faced with the fact that China gradually became a member of the four great powers in World War II, Britain repeatedly struggled against Japan and restricted China's power, and restricted China by various means, paving the way for a smooth return to the far East after the war. Through a systematic study of Sino-British cooperation and differences in Myanmar, this paper reveals the profound causes of Sino-British cooperation and divergence during the Pacific War, which will be of great benefit to people to further understand Sino-British diplomatic relations in this period.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K152

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