论中世纪五港同盟的兴衰及其历史影响
发布时间：2019-01-26 09:56
【摘要】： 五港同盟诞生于中世纪初期的英格兰,是英国历史上唯一的城市同盟。在盎格鲁-撒克逊时代后期,随着英格兰海防体制的发展,英格兰东南的五港市开始为王室提供海军服务。诺曼王朝时期的政治形势与五港市经济的发展,推动了五港同盟的形成,其特权地位随后在1215年的《大宪章》中得到确认。 从13世纪中期到14世纪初期,五港同盟进入了鼎盛时代。五港同盟的海军服务对王室的各种军事活动做出巨大贡献,同盟由此获得了更多特权,其主要体现在同盟城市自治权、法律管辖权、议会代表权和雅茅斯鲱鱼集市管理权等方面。同时,同盟的管理机构也日益健全。同盟最高权力机构谢普威法庭的体制日趋完善,五港总督开始出现。在14世纪,自治性更强的兄弟会逐渐取代谢普威大会成为同盟最高权力机构。随着五港同盟政治、经济地位的提高,越来越多的港口城市加入到同盟中来,使同盟的组织得到了扩大。 14世纪中期以后,英格兰的经济形势发生了变化,对五港同盟的经济造成了不利影响。另外,港口的淤塞问题在同盟首港中愈加凸显,致使这些城市的港口功能受到严重损害。此外,随着英国民族国家的形成,五港同盟所代表的封建海军已经难以适应形势的需要。英国开始建设近代意义上的海军,五港同盟的海军服务渐渐退出了历史舞台。虽然此后的五港同盟依然存在,但其历史影响已经大大降低。
[Abstract]:Born in England in the early Middle Ages, the five-port alliance is the only city alliance in British history. In the late Anglo-Saxon era, with the development of the coastal defense system in England, the five ports in southeast England began to provide naval services to the royal family. The political situation during the Norman Dynasty and the development of the economy of the five ports promoted the formation of the Union of five Ports, whose privileged status was later confirmed in the Magna Carta in 1215. From the middle of the 13 th century to the beginning of the 14 th century, the five-port alliance entered its heyday. The Navy Service of the United Nations of Hong Kong and Hong Kong made a great contribution to the military activities of the royal family, and the Alliance gained more privileges, mainly reflected in the autonomy of the Alliance cities and the jurisdiction of the law. Parliamentary representation and Yarmouth herring market management and other aspects. At the same time, the management of the alliance is also increasingly sound. The Supreme Authority of the Alliance, the Shepway Court, was becoming more and more perfect, and the five-port governors began to emerge. In the 14 th century, the more autonomous Brotherhood gradually replaced the Shepway Congress as the supreme authority of the Alliance. With the improvement of the political and economic status of the five-port alliance, more and more port cities joined the alliance, which expanded the organization of the alliance. After the middle of the 14 th century, the economic situation of England changed, which adversely affected the economy of the five-port alliance. In addition, the blockage of the ports has become increasingly prominent in the first ports of the Alliance, causing serious damage to the port function of these cities. In addition, with the formation of the British nation-state, the feudal navy represented by the five-port alliance has been unable to adapt to the needs of the situation. Britain began to build a modern navy, and the five-port alliance's naval service gradually withdrew from the stage of history. Although the five-port United Democrats still exist since then, its historical impact has been greatly reduced.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K561
本文编号：2415375
[Abstract]:Born in England in the early Middle Ages, the five-port alliance is the only city alliance in British history. In the late Anglo-Saxon era, with the development of the coastal defense system in England, the five ports in southeast England began to provide naval services to the royal family. The political situation during the Norman Dynasty and the development of the economy of the five ports promoted the formation of the Union of five Ports, whose privileged status was later confirmed in the Magna Carta in 1215. From the middle of the 13 th century to the beginning of the 14 th century, the five-port alliance entered its heyday. The Navy Service of the United Nations of Hong Kong and Hong Kong made a great contribution to the military activities of the royal family, and the Alliance gained more privileges, mainly reflected in the autonomy of the Alliance cities and the jurisdiction of the law. Parliamentary representation and Yarmouth herring market management and other aspects. At the same time, the management of the alliance is also increasingly sound. The Supreme Authority of the Alliance, the Shepway Court, was becoming more and more perfect, and the five-port governors began to emerge. In the 14 th century, the more autonomous Brotherhood gradually replaced the Shepway Congress as the supreme authority of the Alliance. With the improvement of the political and economic status of the five-port alliance, more and more port cities joined the alliance, which expanded the organization of the alliance. After the middle of the 14 th century, the economic situation of England changed, which adversely affected the economy of the five-port alliance. In addition, the blockage of the ports has become increasingly prominent in the first ports of the Alliance, causing serious damage to the port function of these cities. In addition, with the formation of the British nation-state, the feudal navy represented by the five-port alliance has been unable to adapt to the needs of the situation. Britain began to build a modern navy, and the five-port alliance's naval service gradually withdrew from the stage of history. Although the five-port United Democrats still exist since then, its historical impact has been greatly reduced.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K561
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 陈日华;;中古英格兰国家军事力量的构成[J];天津师范大学学报(社会科学版);2006年06期
，本文编号：2415375
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