论墨索里尼政府对红海地区的扩张政策（1922-1943）

发布时间：2019-01-26 08:11

【摘要】：墨索里尼对红海地区的扩张是其外交政策的重要组成部分。第一次世界大战结束后，意大利经济萧条、工人失业严重，社会矛盾非常尖锐、一战期间英法对意大利的利益许诺没有全部兑现导致民族主义更加流行。在这种背景下，意大利法西斯主义兴起。墨索里尼上台后，为了摆脱国内外危机，制订了向红海地区扩展的政策。墨索里尼对红海的扩张主义政策，包括了军事、政治、经济和社会等各个方面。墨索里尼政府对红海地区进行军事渗透、政治压迫和经济剥削，并实行血腥的社会政策：消灭被占领国的民族性，屠杀殖民地知识青年，合并行政机构并对占领区进行残暴统治，企图把红海地区建成意大利的殖民地和势力范围。最初，墨索里尼政府在红海地区扩张初期通过与埃塞俄比亚的边界摩擦对国际反应进行试探，利用了国际盛行的绥靖主义，成功使意大利海外殖民地达到最大面积，也使他登上了权力与荣耀的顶峰。但是由于二战初期墨索里尼为了谋求更多的利益，在错误估计国际形势发展的情况下选择与德国结盟并与英法宣战，这导致其中立的外交收益全部失去，，英法美从绥靖政策转入反法西斯，加之意大利国内小环境的阻力及红海地区人民的不懈斗争，意大利的东非帝国破灭了。意军在非洲军事上的败绩加重了国内局势的恶化，盟军在西西里岛登陆最终导致统治层内部分裂，亲英美派高层发动政变迫使墨索里尼下台，墨索里尼的红海政策最终破产。本论文由于绪论、三个章节和结论组成：绪论：主要回顾了与墨索里尼政府在红海地区扩张政策相关的研究现状，研究方法和创新。第一部分：墨索里尼政府对红海地区扩张政策出台的背景。笔者从内部原因和外部原因两方面入手，分析了这一政策产生的国内和国际原因。第二部分：意大利对红海地区的扩张。笔者对法西斯意大利入侵红海地区建立并统治意属东非殖民地作了详细论述，突出了墨索里尼政府的扩张及统治特点。第三部分：意大利对红海地区扩张政策的破产。笔者从破产的国内因素、国际因素和意大利军队三方面的分析的除了墨索里尼政府对红海地区的扩张政策弊大于利。结论：对整篇论文进行梳理与总结，重申笔者观点。
[Abstract]:Mussolini's expansion of the Red Sea was an important part of his foreign policy. After the end of World War I, Italy's economy was depressed, workers were unemployed, and social conflicts were acute. During World War I, Britain and France did not fully honour their promises of interest to Italy, making nationalism even more popular. Against this background, Italian fascism rose. After Mussolini came to power, in order to extricate himself from the crisis at home and abroad, he formulated a policy to expand to the Red Sea region. Mussolini's expansionist policy toward the Red Sea includes military, political, economic and social aspects. The Mussolini Government carried out military infiltration, political oppression and economic exploitation in the Red Sea region, and pursued a bloody social policy of eliminating the national character of the occupied State and killing the educated youth of the colonies, Merciless administration and tyranny of the occupied territories in an attempt to establish the Red Sea as a colony and sphere of influence in Italy. Initially, the Mussolini government, in its initial expansion of the Red Sea region, tested the international response through border friction with Ethiopia, taking advantage of the prevailing international appeasement, and succeeded in maximizing the size of Italy's overseas colonies. It also brought him to the summit of power and glory. However, in the early part of World War II, Mussolini, in order to seek more interests, chose to form an alliance with Germany and declare war with Britain and France under the false assessment of the development of the international situation, which resulted in the loss of all diplomatic benefits of the two countries. Britain, France and the United States changed from appeasement to anti-fascism, combined with the resistance of Italy's domestic environment and the unremitting struggle of the people of the Red Sea region, the east African empire of Italy was shattered. Italy's military defeat in Africa exacerbated the situation at home, with Allied landings in Sicily leading to a split in the ruling hierarchy, a coup by pro-Anglo-American leaders forcing Mussolini to step down and Mussolini's Red Sea policy collapsing. This paper is composed of three chapters and conclusions as follows: introduction: this paper reviews the research status, research methods and innovations related to Mussolini government's policy of expansion in the Red Sea region. The first part: the background of Mussolini government's policy to expand the Red Sea region. The author analyzes the domestic and international causes of this policy from internal and external reasons. The second part: Italy's expansion of the Red Sea. The author discusses in detail the Fascist Italy invading the Red Sea region to establish and rule the Italian East African colony, which highlights the expansion and ruling characteristics of Mussolini government. The third part: the bankruptcy of the expansion policy of Italy to the Red Sea area. The author analyzes the domestic factors, international factors and Italian army from three aspects, except Mussolini government's expansionary policy to the Red Sea region, which is more harmful than good. Conclusion: summarize and summarize the whole paper and reiterate the author's point of view.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K546.42

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