威廉德国对英外交关系研究（1890—1906）

发布时间：2019-01-25 09:32

【摘要】： 本文对威廉德国对英外交关系进行考察，并以德国为立足点分析了这一时期德国对英外交关系最终走向失败的原因。第一部分简述了威廉德国对外政策的总体目标及英国在其中的位置。进入19世纪90年代以后，随着工业化的高速发展和经济实力的进一步增强，仅仅获取殖民地已无法满足德国经济向外扩张的欲望，于是，谋取势力范围，争夺霸权乃至瓜分世界就变成了德国对外政策的总体目标。第二部分叙述了威廉德国对英外交关系经历的三个发展阶段。1890—1896年为第一阶段，德英走向战略接近。德国政府采取了“新路线”，拒绝延长1890年期满的德俄再保险条约。1894年的法俄同盟似乎使德英两国都面临孤立，在这种情况下，德国极力想拉英国加入三国同盟。1897—1902年为第二阶段，德英由战略接近走向战略疏远。1897年，德国的“世界政策”正式出台。德国不愿充当英国在远东的区域同盟这一角色，企图利用英国与法俄矛盾的不可调和性来加强自己的“行动自由”。1902—1906年为第三阶段，德国对英外交关系走向战略冲突。德国海军政策威胁到英国国家利益，加速了德英对立。1907年英国和俄国达成了谅解，德国对英政策彻底失败。第三部分分析了影响德国对英外交关系的因素。这些因素是多方面的，既包括地理的、政治的、经济的因素，，也包括意识形态的因素，也有上一阶段的德英外交关系对本阶段的外交关系的影响。总体而言，威廉德国内部的因素是最根本的。
[Abstract]:This paper examines the diplomatic relations between William Germany and Britain, and analyzes the reasons for the failure of Germany's diplomatic relations with Britain in this period. The first part briefly describes the overall goal of William Germany's foreign policy and the position of Britain in it. After entering the 1890s, with the rapid development of industrialization and the further enhancement of economic strength, the mere acquisition of colonies could not satisfy the desire of German economy to expand outwards, so it sought a sphere of influence. The struggle for hegemony and even the partition of the world became the overall goal of Germany's foreign policy. The second part describes the three stages of the development of William Germany's diplomatic relations with Britain. The first stage was 1890-1896, and Germany and Britain moved towards the strategic approach. The German government took a "new line" and refused to extend the German-Russian reinsurance treaty, which expired in 1890. In this case, the Franco-Russian alliance of 1894 seemed to isolate both Germany and Britain. Germany tried hard to enlist Britain to join the three Kingdoms alliance. 1897-1902 was the second stage, Germany and Britain moved from strategic approach to strategic alienation. In 1897, Germany's "World Policy" was formally issued. Germany is unwilling to act as the regional alliance of Britain in the far East, and attempts to strengthen its "freedom of movement" by taking advantage of the irreconcilability between Britain and France and Russia. 1902-1906 is the third stage in which Germany's diplomatic relations with Britain move into strategic conflict. The German naval policy threatened the British national interest and accelerated the German-British confrontation. In 1907 Britain and Russia reached an understanding and Germany's policy against Britain completely failed. The third part analyzes the factors influencing Germany's diplomatic relations with Britain. These factors include not only geographical, political and economic factors, but also ideological factors, as well as the influence of German-British diplomatic relations on the diplomatic relations at this stage. Overall, William Germany's internal factors are the most fundamental.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K516.42

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