论拿破仑对犹太人的政策与态度
发布时间：2019-02-11 16:50
【摘要】： 拿破仑对犹太人的政策具有明显的两面性。在法国大革命的影响下,拿破仑的军事行动及其政权促成了犹太人的解放,使他们拥有了公民权和平等的法律地位。但是,拿破仑又限制和利用犹太人,试图将他们同化于法国社会之中,并以此来解决法国和欧洲的“犹太问题”。由于拿破仑政权执行相对宽容的宗教政策和民族政策,“犹太名人会议”和“犹太教公会”相继召开。与此同时,拿破仑期望犹太人永远放弃自己的民族主义、社区自治和回归巴勒斯坦的愿望,表面上的宽容难以掩盖其复杂的政治动机和经济考虑,因为无论是国内局势的稳定,还是法国军队的给养都有赖于犹太人的合作与支持。法国大革命所弘扬的“自由、平等、博爱”与利己的民族主义交织在一起,成为拿破仑对犹政策陷入困境的症结之所在。 尽管拿破仑对犹太人的态度是相互矛盾的,但他所推行的政策对欧洲犹太人产生了重大影响。拿破仑政权拆除了犹太区的隔都,促进了犹太人的解放,前所未有的广阔世界展现在犹太人面前。他们开始在经济、文学、科学、哲学、艺术等领域施展身手。更为重要的是,这些政策造成的影响成了欧洲犹太历史上的一道分水岭,为以后百余年间欧洲犹太人的生活定下了基调:越来越多的犹太人放弃社团自治,逐步融入所在国的社会生活。此外,由于拿破仑对犹太人政策的实施范围远远超出了法国本土,“犹太问题”开始成为近代欧洲国际政治的基本问题之一,成长中的欧洲民族国家开始关注本国的犹太人问题。从结果看,拿破仑政策的利己性因素非但没有使犹太人回归巴勒斯坦的愿望破灭,反而推动了现代犹太复国主义运动的产生。
[Abstract]:Napoleon's policy towards the Jews had two sides. Under the influence of the French Revolution, Napoleon's military action and his regime led to the liberation of Jews, giving them citizenship and equal legal status. However, Napoleon restricted and used the Jews, trying to assimilate them into the French society and to solve the Jewish problem in France and Europe. Due to the relatively tolerant religious and national policies of Napoleon's regime, the Jewish Celebrity Conference and the Judaism Guild were held one after another. At the same time, Napoleon expected the Jews to give up their aspirations for nationalism, community autonomy and return to Palestine forever, and the apparent tolerance could hardly conceal their complex political motives and economic considerations, both because of the stability of the domestic situation, The supply of the French army depends on the cooperation and support of the Jews. "Freedom, equality, fraternity" promoted by the French Revolution, intertwined with egoistic nationalism, became the crux of Napoleon's difficult policy toward Judah. Although Napoleon's attitude toward Jews was contradictory, his policies had a significant impact on European Jews. Napoleon's regime broke down the ghetto, promoted the liberation of Jews, and opened up an unprecedented world to the Jews. They began to perform in the fields of economics, literature, science, philosophy, art and so on. More importantly, the impact of these policies became a watershed in European Jewish history, setting the tone for more than a hundred years of European Jewish life: more and more Jews gave up their communal autonomy. Gradually integrate into the social life of the host country. In addition, because Napoleon's policy on Jews went far beyond the French mainland, the Jewish question began to become one of the basic problems in modern European international politics. The growing European nation-state began to pay attention to its own Jewish problem. As a result, the egoism of Napoleon's policy did not destroy the desire of the Jews to return to Palestine, but promoted the emergence of the modern Zionist movement.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K565.41
本文编号：2419915
[Abstract]:Napoleon's policy towards the Jews had two sides. Under the influence of the French Revolution, Napoleon's military action and his regime led to the liberation of Jews, giving them citizenship and equal legal status. However, Napoleon restricted and used the Jews, trying to assimilate them into the French society and to solve the Jewish problem in France and Europe. Due to the relatively tolerant religious and national policies of Napoleon's regime, the Jewish Celebrity Conference and the Judaism Guild were held one after another. At the same time, Napoleon expected the Jews to give up their aspirations for nationalism, community autonomy and return to Palestine forever, and the apparent tolerance could hardly conceal their complex political motives and economic considerations, both because of the stability of the domestic situation, The supply of the French army depends on the cooperation and support of the Jews. "Freedom, equality, fraternity" promoted by the French Revolution, intertwined with egoistic nationalism, became the crux of Napoleon's difficult policy toward Judah. Although Napoleon's attitude toward Jews was contradictory, his policies had a significant impact on European Jews. Napoleon's regime broke down the ghetto, promoted the liberation of Jews, and opened up an unprecedented world to the Jews. They began to perform in the fields of economics, literature, science, philosophy, art and so on. More importantly, the impact of these policies became a watershed in European Jewish history, setting the tone for more than a hundred years of European Jewish life: more and more Jews gave up their communal autonomy. Gradually integrate into the social life of the host country. In addition, because Napoleon's policy on Jews went far beyond the French mainland, the Jewish question began to become one of the basic problems in modern European international politics. The growing European nation-state began to pay attention to its own Jewish problem. As a result, the egoism of Napoleon's policy did not destroy the desire of the Jews to return to Palestine, but promoted the emergence of the modern Zionist movement.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K565.41
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 郭秋菊;拿破仑的法律思想与法治实践探析[D];西南政法大学;2011年
，本文编号：2419915
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