英国自由党衰落的探析

发布时间：2019-02-12 20:10

【摘要】： 英国自由党在进入二十世纪后就销声匿迹了,对于自由党没落的争议开始成为各国学者研究的焦点。关于政党的界定它包含三个方面:第一它代表一定的阶级群体;第二拥有一个为本阶级服务的政治纲领即政党政策理念;第三有较高的政治目标或信仰——成为执政党。在这三个要素中阶级群体是基础,有了良好的根基,才会有后面两个因素的发展,但后面两个因素又反过来影响阶级基础。英国自由党没落的原因是多方面的:自由党组织状况的多样性导致政党在制订政策理念的多重性考虑;第一次世界大战看起来是一个外部因素,但实际上也就是政策理念转变导政本党中某些阶层的分离;工党的崛起也导致了工人阶级的全部脱离,动摇了自由党的根本。英国是一个议会选举制国家,早期的混合宪制限制了社会广大阶层的权利,选举只是贵族的特权,而在当时的辉格党中其阶级基础就只有这些特权贵族。十九世纪选举权的扩大,英国也从以前的混合宪政转变成现代民主的宪政制度。进入二十世纪,选民的影响变得特别强大,如果选民的承诺没有兑现,他们必定会在下次的选举中调转势头,甚至脱离本党成为别的政党的依附者。正因为这样,英国自由党在这样的现代宪政体制下,它的没落是历史的必然。
[Abstract]:After the 20th century, the Liberal Party of England disappeared, and the controversy about the decline of Liberal Party began to become the focus of scholars. The definition of political party includes three aspects: first, it represents a certain class group; second, it has a political program that serves the class, that is, the concept of party policy; third, it has a higher political goal or belief-it becomes the ruling party. Among these three elements, class group is the foundation, and only with a good foundation can the latter two factors develop, but the latter two factors influence the class basis in turn. There are many reasons for the decline of the Liberal Party in Britain: the diversity of the Liberal Party organizations leads to the multiple considerations of the political parties in formulating policy ideas; The first World War seemed to be an external factor, but in fact, the change of policy philosophy led to the separation of certain strata in the Party, and the rise of the Labour Party also led to the complete separation of the working class and shook the foundation of the Liberal Party. Britain is a parliamentary electoral system, the early mixed constitutional restrictions on the rights of the broad social class, elections are only the privileges of aristocrats, and in the Whig party its class basis is only these privileges of aristocrats. With the enlargement of the right to vote in the 19 th century, Britain changed from the former mixed constitutionalism to a modern democratic constitutional system. In the twentieth century, voters have become particularly influential, and if they don't deliver on their promises, they will certainly shift momentum in the next election and even leave their party to become dependent on other parties. Because of this, the decline of the Liberal Party in such a modern constitutional system is a historical necessity.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K561

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