沙特阿拉伯王国宗教政治研究

发布时间：2019-02-15 12:04

【摘要】：宗教政治的根深蒂固和蓬勃发展,是沙特阿拉伯王国历史的突出现象。官方宗教政治与民间宗教政治的消长,是沙特王国历史的重要特征。官方宗教政治的膨胀是沙特家族集权政治发展的逻辑结果,民间宗教政治的异军突起则是沙特王国现代化发展的必然产物。官方宗教政治与民间宗教政治的矛盾运动,即沙特王国建立后瓦哈卜派伊斯兰教逐步官僚化、传统宗教势力依附性的加强与70年代末民间宗教政治的兴起以及90年代以来民间宗教政治的多元化倾向,构成沙特王国宗教政治发展的历史模式。前石油时代,瓦哈卜派伊斯兰教作为革命的意识形态与沙特家族的统治相结合,成为沙特家族改造阿拉伯半岛部落社会、建立国家和完成统一的政治工具。伴随着石油时代沙特阿拉伯王国新旧经济秩序的更替和新旧社会势力的消长,瓦哈卜派伊斯兰教发生了深刻的裂变。沙特阿拉伯王国的官方宗教政治致力于为沙特家族统治提供宗教政治合法性保障,民间宗教政治则为沙特民众广泛的政治参与开辟了道路。由沙特家族领导的自上而下的经济社会现代化改革和由民间宗教政治派别发动的自下而上的政治民主化运动相结合,构成沙特阿拉伯王国现代化发展的历史模式。沙特王国民间政治反对派经历了从民族主义到现代伊斯兰主义的发展历程。沙特阿拉伯王国深厚的宗教历史传统和教俗合一的统治模式决定民众运动采取民间宗教政治运动为主要形式。沙特阿拉伯王国的现代伊斯兰主义运动通过原教旨主义的外在形式,强调民众的政治参与和沙里亚范围内的公民权利,同时还包括许多现代政治的要素。现代伊斯兰主义的发展,标志着现代性质的政治文化和意识形态通过民间宗教政治的形式在沙特阿拉伯王国的建立。现代伊斯兰主义涵盖了社会平等、政治民主和思想自由等现代社会发展的意识形态基础。沙特阿拉伯王国民间宗教政治的发展,体现了民众政治动员和政治参与的扩大。民间宗教政治运动构成沙特阿拉伯王国政治民主化进程的重要环节,民间宗教政治势力成为沙特阿拉伯王国政治民主化的中坚力量。
[Abstract]:The deep-rooted and vigorous development of religious politics is a prominent phenomenon in the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The rise and fall of official religious politics and folk religious politics is an important feature of the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The expansion of official religious politics is the logical result of the development of Saudi family centralization, and the emergence of folk religious politics is the inevitable outcome of the development of Saudi Kingdom's modernization. The contradictory movement between official religious politics and folk religious politics, that is, the gradual bureaucratization of the Wahab Islam after the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, The strengthening of the dependence of traditional religious forces and the rise of folk religious politics in the late 1970s and the pluralistic tendency of folk religious politics since the 1990s constitute the historical model of the development of religious politics in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In the pre-oil era, the Wahab Islam, as a revolutionary ideology combined with the ruling of the Saudi family, became a political tool for the Saudi family to transform the tribal society of the Arabian Peninsula, to establish the state and to complete the unification. With the replacement of the old and new economic order in Saudi Arabia during the oil age and the growth and decline of the old and new social forces, the Wahab Islam had a profound fission. The official religious politics of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is devoted to providing the religious political legitimacy for the Saudi family rule, while the folk religious politics has opened the way for the extensive political participation of the Saudi people. The combination of the top-down economic and social modernization reform led by the Saudi family and the bottom-up political democratization movement initiated by the folk religious and political factions constituted the historical model of the modernization development of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The civil political opposition of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has experienced the development from nationalism to modern Islamism. Saudi Arabia's deep religious historical tradition and the ruling mode of the unity of religion and custom decided that the popular movement was mainly in the form of folk religious and political movement. The modern Islamist movement in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia emphasizes the political participation of the people and the civil rights within the scope of Sharia through the external form of fundamentalism, and also includes many elements of modern politics. The development of modern Islamism marks the establishment of modern political culture and ideology in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the form of folk and religious politics. Modern Islamism covers the ideological basis of social equality, political democracy and freedom of thought. The development of folk religious politics in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia reflects the expansion of popular political mobilization and political participation. Folk religious political movements constitute an important link in the process of political democratization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and folk religious political forces have become the backbone of political democratization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K384

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