埃托利亚同盟的早期发展
发布时间：2019-02-16 14:07
【摘要】：埃托利亚同盟存在于希腊历史的时间并不长,从其发端(公元前330年)到灭亡(公元前140年)不到200年的历史。关于埃托利亚同盟的中外著作,大都是描述他们的臭名昭著的海盗土匪行为,同盟也因此而声名远扬。这很大一部分的原因归结于阿凯亚(素有埃托利亚死对头的称号)的历史学家波利比奥斯及追捧他的现代历史学家的记载和研究,虽然历史学家尽量客观的叙述历史,但是不可避免掺杂民族主义和个人主义的情绪在其中,也有不少历史学家已经意识到埃托利亚同盟被冤枉的事实,但是对其评价仍然不高,似乎有不敢超越之嫌。本文将对其海盗形象做一反驳,试图运用资料及合理推理展现一个积极正面的埃托利亚同盟。 作为公元前三世纪最为强大的联邦同盟,埃托利亚同盟的产生和发展是一个渐进的过程,从部落血缘结合到成熟的联邦体制的建立,不是一蹴而就而是一个漫长的渐变。本文将同盟形成的原因归结为内外两方面,即内部共同身份认同、对财富和权力的欲望、国际形势的变化、瑙巴克托斯管理的需要。 纵观埃托利亚同盟政治构建的变化我们可以看出这是一个灵活的政治单位。可能起初同盟的瓦解和重建,马其顿的不断威胁,希腊化时代的复杂国际形势使得这些政治单位要忍受随时变化的遭遇,但是埃托利亚同盟是在不断壮大的,成员也不断纳入,各种突发情况的出现,必然会增强灵活的、有效能的单位的权力,降低笨重效率低单位的权力,如此一来,我们看到在埃托利亚同盟中后期将领和议事会的权力的增长,甚至出现将领权力的独享的局面。 埃托利亚同盟在希腊化时期能够快速壮大,绝不是偶然,它顺应历史的发展,较早的意识到和平是发展的前提,对外交政策适时调整,从以殖民和征服为特点的传统外交政策中走出来,采取一种新式的理智外交。在希腊化时代它能够摒弃传统守旧的观念随时调整政策,是一种历史的进步。另外埃托利亚同盟是第一个利用公民权扩张的同盟,公民权利的授予有给个人的,也有给城邦的,这种授予公民权的政策是一种人性化的表现,也是时代的进步。虽然政治目的很显然,但是也伴随着经济上的特许权,而且很多时候经济意义大于政治意义。除此之外的庇护制度与领事制度都是新式外交政策的重要组成部分。
[Abstract]:The Etolian League existed in Greek history for a short time, from its inception (330 BC) to its demise (140 BC) less than 200 years ago. Most of the books about the Etolian Alliance were devoted to their notorious acts of pirate banditry, and the Alliance became famous for this. Much of this is due to the record and research of Akea, the historian known as Etoria's adversary, Polly Bios, and the modern historians who have followed him, although historians try to describe history as objectively as possible. But there is an inevitable mix of nationalism and individualism, and many historians are aware of the fact that the Etolian alliance has been wronged, but it is still not highly valued and seems to dare not go beyond it. This paper will refute his pirate image and try to show a positive and positive Etolian alliance by using data and reasonable reasoning. As the most powerful federal alliance in the third century BC, the emergence and development of the Etolian alliance was a gradual process. In this paper, the causes of the formation of the alliance can be attributed to the internal and external common identity, the desire for wealth and power, the change of the international situation, and the need for the management of Nauba Ketos. Looking at the changes in the political construction of the Etoria Alliance, we can see that this is a flexible political unit. Perhaps the collapse and reconstruction of the alliance at first, the constant threat from Macedonia, and the complex international situation of the Hellenistic era made these political units endure constant changes, but the Etolian alliance is growing and its members are constantly included. The emergence of various emergencies is bound to increase the power of flexible, effective units and reduce the power of cumbersome, inefficient units. In this way, we see an increase in the powers of generals and councils of parliament in the middle and late stages of the Etolian Alliance. There is even a situation in which generals enjoy exclusive power. It was no accident that the Etoria Alliance was able to grow rapidly during the Hellenization period. It complied with the development of history, realized earlier that peace was the prerequisite for development, and adjusted its foreign policy at the right time. From the traditional foreign policy characterized by colonization and subjugation, a new kind of rational diplomacy was adopted. In the Hellenistic era, it was a historical advance that it could abandon the traditional ideas and adjust its policies at any time. In addition, the Etolian Alliance was the first alliance to expand citizenship, the granting of civil rights to individuals and to the city-states, this policy of granting citizenship is a humanized performance, but also a progress of the times. While the political purpose is obvious, it is accompanied by economic concessions, and in many cases the economic significance is greater than the political significance. In addition, asylum and consular systems are important components of new foreign policy.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K125
本文编号：2424525
[Abstract]:The Etolian League existed in Greek history for a short time, from its inception (330 BC) to its demise (140 BC) less than 200 years ago. Most of the books about the Etolian Alliance were devoted to their notorious acts of pirate banditry, and the Alliance became famous for this. Much of this is due to the record and research of Akea, the historian known as Etoria's adversary, Polly Bios, and the modern historians who have followed him, although historians try to describe history as objectively as possible. But there is an inevitable mix of nationalism and individualism, and many historians are aware of the fact that the Etolian alliance has been wronged, but it is still not highly valued and seems to dare not go beyond it. This paper will refute his pirate image and try to show a positive and positive Etolian alliance by using data and reasonable reasoning. As the most powerful federal alliance in the third century BC, the emergence and development of the Etolian alliance was a gradual process. In this paper, the causes of the formation of the alliance can be attributed to the internal and external common identity, the desire for wealth and power, the change of the international situation, and the need for the management of Nauba Ketos. Looking at the changes in the political construction of the Etoria Alliance, we can see that this is a flexible political unit. Perhaps the collapse and reconstruction of the alliance at first, the constant threat from Macedonia, and the complex international situation of the Hellenistic era made these political units endure constant changes, but the Etolian alliance is growing and its members are constantly included. The emergence of various emergencies is bound to increase the power of flexible, effective units and reduce the power of cumbersome, inefficient units. In this way, we see an increase in the powers of generals and councils of parliament in the middle and late stages of the Etolian Alliance. There is even a situation in which generals enjoy exclusive power. It was no accident that the Etoria Alliance was able to grow rapidly during the Hellenization period. It complied with the development of history, realized earlier that peace was the prerequisite for development, and adjusted its foreign policy at the right time. From the traditional foreign policy characterized by colonization and subjugation, a new kind of rational diplomacy was adopted. In the Hellenistic era, it was a historical advance that it could abandon the traditional ideas and adjust its policies at any time. In addition, the Etolian Alliance was the first alliance to expand citizenship, the granting of civil rights to individuals and to the city-states, this policy of granting citizenship is a humanized performance, but also a progress of the times. While the political purpose is obvious, it is accompanied by economic concessions, and in many cases the economic significance is greater than the political significance. In addition, asylum and consular systems are important components of new foreign policy.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K125
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 孙晶晶;;古希腊城邦同盟形成原因探析[J];历史教学问题;2007年03期
2 孙晶晶;李慎令;;古希腊城邦同盟的类型[J];前沿;2010年07期
，本文编号：2424525
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