镀金时代美国东北部农业发展研究

发布时间：2019-03-12 16:56

【摘要】：19世纪中后期，也被称为“镀金时代”，美国完成了一个农业国逐渐向工业国家过渡。在这个过程中，尽管农业取得了非凡的成就，，但仍然失去了国民经济主体的地位，并在发展中遇到诸多问题。东北部是这一时期工业化的中心，同时也成为农业发生剧烈变革的地区之一。相比陷入困境的西部农业和步履维艰的南部农业，东北部农业体现出了连续性、系统性和多样性的发展特点。其优良的耕作传统和基础设施，城市化带来的本地市场的扩大，管理、技术与观念的革新，以及与工业化发展之间形成的良性互动，使东北部农业很快适应了新的发展形势，并形成了一条独特的发展道路。在国内外学者相关研究的基础之上，本文通过对统计数据和研究报告的分析，以历史学的视角，借鉴其他相关学科的研究方法，从商业化、资本化和工业化三个方面，对镀金时代东北部农业的发展进行研究。本文的正文部分共分为四章。第一章从整体上回顾了19世纪中后期，美国农业发展的基本轨迹，及其向“广度”和“深度”发展的主题；分析了美国农业发展在这一时期出现的问题；总结了东北部农业相对于其他地区所表现出的独特性。第二章着重探讨商业化农业在东北部地区萌芽和发展的有利条件；城市化程度的提高带来的农产品市场结构的变化对商业化农业发展的促进作用；以及东北部农民在思想观念上对商业化农业经营理念的接受和认可。第三章着重分析东北部农业资本化的两个过程，即非农业资本以各种不同的形式对农业生产的渗透过程；以及农业逐渐摆脱自然经济属性逐渐向资本主义性质的生产方式过渡的过程。第四章则将农业的发展置于工业化的背景下，分析工业化对农业发展的冲击，农业经济地位的衰落，以及农业与工业两大产业之间相互关系的改变；在研究东北部农业适应工业化发展的方式和途径的同时，也对“工业化农业”的产生和发展趋势提出初步的见解。
[Abstract]:In the mid-late 19th century, also known as the gilded age, the United States completed a gradual transition from an agricultural country to an industrial one. In this process, agriculture has made remarkable achievements, but still lost its status as the main body of the national economy, and encountered many problems in its development. The northeast was the center of industrialization during this period, and it was also one of the regions where agriculture had undergone drastic changes. Compared with the troubled western agriculture and the struggling southern agriculture, northeast agriculture shows the characteristics of continuity, systematicness and diversity. Its fine farming traditions and infrastructure, the expansion of local markets brought about by urbanization, management, technological and conceptual innovation, and the positive interaction with industrial development have made the northeast agriculture quickly adapt to the new development situation, And formed a unique development path. Based on the relevant research of scholars at home and abroad, this paper, through the analysis of statistical data and research reports, draws lessons from the research methods of other related disciplines from the perspective of history, from three aspects: commercialization, capitalization and industrialization. The development of northeast agriculture in gold plating era was studied. The main body of this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter reviews the basic track of American agricultural development in the middle and late 19th century and the theme of its development towards "breadth" and "depth", and analyzes the problems of American agricultural development in this period. This paper summarizes the uniqueness of northeast agriculture relative to other regions. The second chapter focuses on the favorable conditions for the germination and development of commercial agriculture in the northeast, and the promoting effect of the change of market structure of agricultural products on the development of commercial agriculture brought about by the improvement of urbanization degree. And the northeast farmers in the concept of commercial agricultural management concept of acceptance and recognition. The third chapter focuses on the two processes of agricultural capitalization in Northeast China, that is, the infiltration process of non-agricultural capital to agricultural production in various forms; And the process of agriculture gradually getting rid of the nature of the economic attributes of the gradual transition to capitalist mode of production. The fourth chapter puts the development of agriculture in the background of industrialization, analyzes the impact of industrialization on the development of agriculture, the decline of agricultural economic status, and the change of the relationship between agriculture and industry. While studying the ways and ways of the northeast agriculture to adapt to the development of industrialization, it also puts forward some preliminary views on the emergence and development trend of "industrialized agriculture".
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F371.2;K712

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