尼赫鲁执政时期印度对美国政策

发布时间：2019-03-13 07:37

【摘要】： 尼赫鲁执政期间处于二战后美苏两级争霸的冷战时期,印度作为南亚大国,成为美苏争相拉拢、亲近的重要目标。尼赫鲁作为第一任印度总理,推行独立不结盟的外交政策,不与任何大国和大国集团结盟,在国际事务中保持中立,倡导和平。然而随着国际形势的风云变幻,印度出于国家安全与国家利益地考虑,不可避免地需要适时修改自己的外交政策,游离于美苏之间,一方面谴责殖民主义、帝国主义,另一方面积极寻求美苏援助;一方面高举和平大旗,推行不结盟政策,另一方面又推行大国霸权主义,勾结美国发动中印战争。尼赫鲁政府以实用主义为原则推行不结盟外交,在印度独立初期取得了巨大的成就,为国内的政治经济的恢复和发展赢得了宝贵的时间,并获得了美苏大量的援助;在国际上,不结盟政策的施行得到了广大第三世界国家的效仿,极大地提高了印度的国际地位。本文以对印度影响最大的印美关系为线索,从尼赫鲁执政的不同时期的印美关系入手,并兼顾巴基斯坦、中国、苏联等周边国家对印美关系的影响,分析了印度的对美政策,对不结盟政策执行和调整的原因也进行了分析和评价,并在评析的过程中阐述了笔者关于印度外交思想的一些粗浅的看法。
[Abstract]:During Nehru's reign, during the Cold War period after World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union fought for hegemony. As a great power in South Asia, India became an important goal for the United States and the Soviet Union to draw together and get close to each other. Nehru, as the first Indian prime minister, pursued an independent and non-aligned foreign policy, did not ally with any major powers or groups of great powers, maintained neutrality in international affairs and advocated peace. However, with the changes in the international situation, India, in view of its national security and national interests, inevitably needs to revise its foreign policy in due course, dissociating itself from the United States and the Soviet Union. On the one hand, it condemns colonialism and imperialism. On the other hand, actively seeking assistance from the United States and Soviet Union; On the one hand, hold high the flag of peace, carry out the non-aligned policy, on the other hand, promote the hegemonism of the great powers, collude with the United States to launch the Sino Nehru government carried out non-aligned diplomacy on the principle of pragmatism, made great achievements in the early stage of India's independence, gained valuable time for the recovery and development of domestic politics and economy, and obtained a great deal of assistance from the United States and the Soviet Union. Internationally, the implementation of the non-aligned policy has been emulated by the vast number of third world countries and greatly improved India's international status. Based on the clue of India-US relations which have the greatest influence on India, this paper starts with Nehru's relations between India and the United States during the different periods of Nehru's administration, taking into account the influence of Pakistan, China, Soviet Union and other neighboring countries on the relations between India and the United States, and analyzes India's policy towards the United States. This paper also analyzes and evaluates the reasons for the implementation and adjustment of the non-aligned policy, and expounds the author's superficial views on India's diplomatic thoughts in the course of the assessment.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D835.1;K351

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