公共葬礼演说与雅典城邦认同的建构

发布时间：2019-04-01 08:20

【摘要】： 本文以现存的葬礼演说为基本史料，分析了葬礼演说中所建构的雅典城邦认同，以及城邦认同在不同情境下所发生的变化。由于葬礼演说具有模式化、套路化的特点，所以各篇演说均选择了共同的话题，建构了一定时期内恒久的稳定的城邦认同。这些共同话题包括对“土生土长”传说和故事的笃信；对城邦教育的自豪，对美德的崇尚，对勇敢精神的敬畏；对雅典民主制度的骄傲；雅典城邦对自由、正义的不懈追求。同时，城邦认同的建构又是一个动态的发展过程。在不同的历史发展阶段和不同的战争背景下，不同的演说家对城邦认同的解读也有所不同。伯里克利发表演说之时，正值雅典帝国鼎盛时期，所以他建构城邦认同的目的是为了展示城邦的伟大，说明雅典是“希腊的学校”，暗示雅典推行霸权主义政策是理所应当的；吕西亚斯和柏拉图发表演说之时，雅典帝国崩溃，海上同盟解体，他们希望通过建构和宣传雅典城邦认同，激发雅典公民抗击斯巴达的决心和勇气，恢复昔日雅典帝国主义雄风；而德摩斯提尼和叙柏里戴斯发表演说之时，马其顿成为希腊各邦的头号威胁，他们在演说中着重建构雅典追求正义、崇尚自由的城邦认同，说明当此混乱之时，雅典是有义务、有责任、有能力担当起希腊世界领导者的角色的。葬礼演说建构雅典城邦认同的同时也再现了雅典的历史。但是，当我们将葬礼演说中的历史与公元前5至4世纪雅典的真实状况进行对照时，，就会发现二者并不能完全契合，甚至存在着相当大的差异。葬礼演说所宣扬的历史并非雅典的本来面目。这种差异是由葬礼演说塑造公民价值观、宣传爱国主义、集体主义精神的功能决定的，是战争时代特殊环境下的产物。葬礼演说反映了雅典人民心理诉求，那就是对帝国主义时代的自豪、怀念和期望。
[Abstract]:Based on the existing funeral speeches, this paper analyzes the Athens city-state identity constructed in the funeral speech and the changes of the city-state identity in different situations. Because the funeral speech has the characteristics of pattern and routine, all the speeches have chosen the same topic and constructed a constant and stable city-state identity for a certain period of time. These common topics include faith in "native" legends and stories; pride in city-state education, reverence of virtue, reverence of bravery; pride in Athens democracy; and the relentless pursuit of freedom and justice by the city-states of Athens. At the same time, the construction of city-state identity is a dynamic development process. Different speakers have different interpretations of city-state identity in different stages of historical development and in different backgrounds of war. Burickley's speech was at the height of the Athenian Empire, so his purpose of constructing the city-state identity was to show the greatness of the city-state, to show that Athens was a "Greek school", and to imply that Athens was right to pursue its hegemonist policy. When Lucias and Plato delivered their speeches, the Athenian Empire collapsed and the Maritime Alliance disintegrated. They hoped to inspire the determination and courage of the Athenian citizens to fight Spartan by constructing and publicizing the identity of the Athens city-states. To restore the old style of Athenian imperialism; When Demosthenes and Sypelides made their speeches, Macedonia became the number one threat to the Greek states. In their speeches, they focused on the construction of Athens' pursuit of justice and freedom of the city-state identity, which showed that Athens had an obligation to do so at a time of chaos. Responsible, capable of taking on the role of leader of the Greek world. The funeral speech also reproduces the history of Athens as well as the construction of Athens' city-state identity. However, when we compare the history of funeral speeches with the true state of Athens from the 5th to 4th century BC, we find that the two do not fully coincide, and there are even considerable differences between them. The history proclaimed in the funeral speech was not the true face of Athens. This difference is determined by the function of funeral speech in shaping citizens' values, promoting patriotism and collectivism, and is the product of the special circumstances of the war era. The funeral speech reflected the Athenian people's psychological aspirations: pride, nostalgia and expectation of the imperialist era.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K125

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