近代中日“不在地主”阶的比较研究
发布时间：2019-04-17 06:59
【摘要】：近代中日"不在地主"阶层的构成成分十分复杂。按其形成途径分析,两国"不在地主"包括:一般地主移居城镇转变而成的"不在地主";农村地主得到他村土地转变而成的"不在地主";城市工商业者购买农村土地转变而成的"不在地主"。其中,一般地主移居城镇者既有受城镇的物质享受吸引而移居者,也有地主投资工商业,随着工商业在其产业中所占的比重日益加重而移居城镇者。在两国"不在地主"阶层当中,城市工商业者购买土地转变而成的"不在地主"和一般地主投资城市工商业转变而成的"不在地主"是最具影响力的重要构成部分。近代中日"不在地主"阶层的形成过程、主要活动、社会影响都表现出相似点和不同点。二者的形成过程的相似点表现为:它们产生于相似的经济背景下,并受到传统观念和重商主义思潮的影响;不同点主要表现为二者形成的主要原因不同。中国"不在地主"阶层形成的主要原因是受到动荡的政治局势的影响;日本"不在地主"阶层形成的主要原因是,地主阶层的投资意向受到明治政府的政策影响而转向工商业。近代中日"不在地主"阶层的主要活动也有着异同点。二者的经济活动相似,但社会活动却大有不同。中国"不在地主"不仅对农村社会做出一系列的经济投资,还出资支持其公共事业;而日本"不在地主"却对农村社会的经济发展乃至公共事业鲜少做出投资。近代中日"不在地主"阶层的社会影响也有着明显的异同点。二者都推动了各自国家的近代工商业的发展,并使两国农村社会的权力构成发生变化。但二者对农村社会的投资力度的不同,使他们对各自的农村社会产生了不同的影响。中国"不在地主"对农村社会的积极投资,一定程度上推动了农村社会的良性发展;而日本"不在地主"鲜少对农村社会做出投资,因而也未对农村社会的发展起到明显的积极作用。
[Abstract]:The composition of the "non-landlords" class in modern China and Japan is very complicated. According to the analysis of the way of its formation, the "non-present landlords" in the two countries include: the "out-of-place landlords", the "out-of-the-way landlords" who have been transformed by the general landlords who moved to the cities and towns; Urban industrial and commercial operators buy rural land converted into "out of the landlord." Among them, the general landlords emigrate not only to the people who are attracted by the material enjoyment of the town, but also to the landlords to invest in the industry and commerce. With the increasing proportion of the industry and commerce in their industries, they emigrate to the towns. In the "out-of-the-way" class in the two countries, the "out-of-the-land landlords" converted from the purchase of land by urban industrial and commercial operators and the "out-of-the-place landlords" transformed by the general landlords investing in urban industry and commerce are the most influential and important components. There are similarities and differences in the formation process, main activities and social influences of the "absent landlords" class between China and Japan in modern times. The similarities in the forming process of the two are as follows: they come into being in the similar economic background and are influenced by the traditional ideas and mercantilist thoughts, and the differences are mainly expressed in the main reasons for the formation of the two. The main reason for the formation of the "absent landlords" class in China is the influence of the turbulent political situation, and the main reason for the formation of the "absent landlords" stratum in Japan is that the landlords' investment intentions are influenced by the Meiji government's policy and turn to industry and commerce. The main activities of the non-landlords in modern China and Japan also have similarities and differences. Their economic activities are similar, but their social activities are quite different. China's "non-resident landlords" not only made a series of economic investment in rural society, but also invested in its public utilities, while Japanese "absent landlords" made little investment in the economic development of rural society and even public utilities. In modern China and Japan, there are obvious similarities and differences in the social influence of the "non-landlords" class. Both of them promoted the development of modern industry and commerce in their respective countries, and changed the power composition of the rural society of the two countries. However, the different investment intensity of the two countries makes them have different influence on their respective rural society. The positive investment in rural society by "non-landlords" in China has promoted the benign development of rural society to a certain extent; However, Japanese landlords rarely invest in rural society, and thus do not play a significant positive role in the development of rural society.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K31
[Abstract]:The composition of the "non-landlords" class in modern China and Japan is very complicated. According to the analysis of the way of its formation, the "non-present landlords" in the two countries include: the "out-of-place landlords", the "out-of-the-way landlords" who have been transformed by the general landlords who moved to the cities and towns; Urban industrial and commercial operators buy rural land converted into "out of the landlord." Among them, the general landlords emigrate not only to the people who are attracted by the material enjoyment of the town, but also to the landlords to invest in the industry and commerce. With the increasing proportion of the industry and commerce in their industries, they emigrate to the towns. In the "out-of-the-way" class in the two countries, the "out-of-the-land landlords" converted from the purchase of land by urban industrial and commercial operators and the "out-of-the-place landlords" transformed by the general landlords investing in urban industry and commerce are the most influential and important components. There are similarities and differences in the formation process, main activities and social influences of the "absent landlords" class between China and Japan in modern times. The similarities in the forming process of the two are as follows: they come into being in the similar economic background and are influenced by the traditional ideas and mercantilist thoughts, and the differences are mainly expressed in the main reasons for the formation of the two. The main reason for the formation of the "absent landlords" class in China is the influence of the turbulent political situation, and the main reason for the formation of the "absent landlords" stratum in Japan is that the landlords' investment intentions are influenced by the Meiji government's policy and turn to industry and commerce. The main activities of the non-landlords in modern China and Japan also have similarities and differences. Their economic activities are similar, but their social activities are quite different. China's "non-resident landlords" not only made a series of economic investment in rural society, but also invested in its public utilities, while Japanese "absent landlords" made little investment in the economic development of rural society and even public utilities. In modern China and Japan, there are obvious similarities and differences in the social influence of the "non-landlords" class. Both of them promoted the development of modern industry and commerce in their respective countries, and changed the power composition of the rural society of the two countries. However, the different investment intensity of the two countries makes them have different influence on their respective rural society. The positive investment in rural society by "non-landlords" in China has promoted the benign development of rural society to a certain extent; However, Japanese landlords rarely invest in rural society, and thus do not play a significant positive role in the development of rural society.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K31
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