乌尔第三王朝贡牲中心羊牲育肥官员（Kuru（？）da）那鲁的档案重建
发布时间：2019-04-24 03:35
【摘要】： 乌尔第三王朝国王舒勒吉在其统治的第38年建立了大型的贡牲中心—普兹瑞什达干司(é-Puzrish-Dagan),其遗址位于现代伊拉克的德莱海姆(Drehem)。贡牲中心建立的原因是乌尔王权日益强大,各地向国王进贡的动物日益增多,王室和各地总督经常向各种神明奉献牺牲;同时,宫廷和其他王室官员以及士兵食用也需要大量的羊牲。这些接收和支出工作需要一个专门的机构来管理。普兹瑞什达干(Drehem)地处供奉“众神之王”恩利勒的尼普尔城和众神之后宁利勒的图马勒庙区之间,因此被选为中心的所在地。普兹瑞什达干司是古代两河流域影响深远的一个贡牲中心,在乌尔第三王朝的经济管理体系中占有十分重要地位。 本文重建了贡牲中心育肥羊牲官员那鲁的档案。目前,我们收集到的德莱海姆出土的那鲁文献共有1159个。论文分为上下两卷:上卷首先介绍了贡牲中心的设立经过和设立意义,列举了那鲁的主要工作地点、工作经历和工作联系人,分析了乌尔王朝祭祀活动;下卷对收集到的那鲁的原始文献按时间顺序进行排列和重建,并附有楔形文字拉丁化、英文翻译和中文翻译。 通过对那鲁文献档案的重建和分析可知:那鲁文件在贡牲中心出现的时间(即他的工作时间)从舒勒吉26年到舒辛6年1月6日,共38年。虽然没有发现那鲁的印章,通过文献知道他在贡牲中心的头衔是“育肥师”。那鲁从中心总管那里接管育肥和普通的羊牲,放在自己麾下的羊圈用大麦饲养、育肥。那鲁在4个城市:乌尔(王朝的首都)、尼普尔(宗教中心)、乌鲁克(第三大城市)和图马勒都有自己临时的羊圈,这些地方都是乌尔王朝的重要城市。那鲁育肥合格的羊牲用来祭祀神明、满足王室日常需要以及招待外国使节。未育肥的淘汰级的羊牲交给中心总管那萨和普通羊圈官员乌尔库侬那。死去的羊牲(偶尔也有育肥羊牲)转交给专门负责管理死牲的官员。和那鲁工作联系比较紧密的官员有:贡牲中心的4任总管舒勒吉时期的匿名官员和那萨、阿马尔辛时期的阿巴萨旮、舒辛时期的尹塔埃阿;王家兽苑官员杜旮;接收死牲的官员乌尔尼旮尔和舒勒吉乌如穆等等。此外,那鲁还接收大麦作为育肥羊的饲料,把多余的大麦转交给其他官员;登记并转交自己羊圈中生产的羊毛。 那鲁是贡牲中心比较重要的官员,他是舒勒吉、阿马尔辛和舒辛三朝元老。那鲁的工作生涯同时见证了贡牲中心由盛到衰的过程。那鲁为王朝各种祭祀活动提供育肥羊牲祭品,为我们研究乌尔王朝祭祀提供了最原始、最直接的第一手材料。
[Abstract]:In the 38th year of his reign, King Schuljee, the third king of Ular, established a large-scale tribute center, 茅-Puzrish-Dagan, whose site is in (Drehem)., modern Iraq. The center was established because of the growing power of the Ur king, the increasing number of animals paying tribute to the king, and the constant sacrifice of the royal family and local governors to various gods; At the same time, the palace and other royal officials and soldiers also need to eat a large number of sheep. These receipt and expenditure work needs a special agency to manage. Puschrishdagan (Drehem) is chosen as the center of the city of Nepel, which honors the "King of the Gods", and the Temple District of Nimalel, after the gods. Puschrishda Kansi was a far-reaching center of tributes in ancient two river basins, which played a very important role in the economic management system of the third Dynasty of Ur. This paper reconstructs the files of Nalu, a fattening sheep officer at the Gongfen Center. At present, we have collected a total of 1159 Naru documents unearthed by Dreyheim. The thesis is divided into two volumes: the first volume introduces the establishment and significance of Gongfu Center, enumerates the main working places, working experiences and working contacts of Nalu, and analyzes the sacrificial activities of the Ur Dynasty; The following volume arranges and reconstructs the original documents collected from Naru in chronological order, with cuneiform Latin, English and Chinese translations. Through the reconstruction and analysis of Naru documentation files, it can be seen that the time when Naru documents appeared in the center of Gongfu (that is, his working hours) ranged from 26 years to 6 January 6, a total of 38 years. Although no seal of Nalu was found, his title at the center of the tribute was known as "fattener" through the literature. Naru took over the fattening and the ordinary sheep from the central manager, and the sheepfold he placed under his command was raised with barley and fattened. Nalu has its own temporary sheepfold in four cities: Ur (the capital of the dynasty), Nippur (religious center), Uluk (the third-largest city), and Toumale, all important cities of the Ur dynasty. The qualified sheep were used to sacrifice the gods, to meet the daily needs of the royal family, and to entertain foreign envoys. The unfattened, knockout sheep were handed over to Nassa, the central manager, and Urkunna, an ordinary sheephouse official. The dead sheep (and occasionally fattening) were handed over to officials responsible for the management of the dead animals. The officials who work closely with Naru are: the Anonymous officials of Schulji period and Nahasa, the Abasa every of Amarsin period, the Intaea of Shushin period, the official of Royal Garden of Warcraft du every, and the official of Royal Warcraft Garden, du Tuo, who are in close contact with the work of Naru. The officials who received the dead, Ulnigaard and Schuljew, and so on. In addition, Naru took barley as feed for fattening sheep and handed over the excess barley to other officials; registered and handed over wool produced in his own sheepfold. Naru is one of the most important officials in Gongfu Center. He is a veteran of Schulegee, Amarsin and Shushin. Nalu's working life also witnessed the rise and fall of the center of tribute. Nalu provides fattening sheep for all kinds of sacrificial activities of the dynasty and provides us with the most primitive and direct first-hand materials for us to study the sacrifices of the Ur dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K124
本文编号：2464072
[Abstract]:In the 38th year of his reign, King Schuljee, the third king of Ular, established a large-scale tribute center, 茅-Puzrish-Dagan, whose site is in (Drehem)., modern Iraq. The center was established because of the growing power of the Ur king, the increasing number of animals paying tribute to the king, and the constant sacrifice of the royal family and local governors to various gods; At the same time, the palace and other royal officials and soldiers also need to eat a large number of sheep. These receipt and expenditure work needs a special agency to manage. Puschrishdagan (Drehem) is chosen as the center of the city of Nepel, which honors the "King of the Gods", and the Temple District of Nimalel, after the gods. Puschrishda Kansi was a far-reaching center of tributes in ancient two river basins, which played a very important role in the economic management system of the third Dynasty of Ur. This paper reconstructs the files of Nalu, a fattening sheep officer at the Gongfen Center. At present, we have collected a total of 1159 Naru documents unearthed by Dreyheim. The thesis is divided into two volumes: the first volume introduces the establishment and significance of Gongfu Center, enumerates the main working places, working experiences and working contacts of Nalu, and analyzes the sacrificial activities of the Ur Dynasty; The following volume arranges and reconstructs the original documents collected from Naru in chronological order, with cuneiform Latin, English and Chinese translations. Through the reconstruction and analysis of Naru documentation files, it can be seen that the time when Naru documents appeared in the center of Gongfu (that is, his working hours) ranged from 26 years to 6 January 6, a total of 38 years. Although no seal of Nalu was found, his title at the center of the tribute was known as "fattener" through the literature. Naru took over the fattening and the ordinary sheep from the central manager, and the sheepfold he placed under his command was raised with barley and fattened. Nalu has its own temporary sheepfold in four cities: Ur (the capital of the dynasty), Nippur (religious center), Uluk (the third-largest city), and Toumale, all important cities of the Ur dynasty. The qualified sheep were used to sacrifice the gods, to meet the daily needs of the royal family, and to entertain foreign envoys. The unfattened, knockout sheep were handed over to Nassa, the central manager, and Urkunna, an ordinary sheephouse official. The dead sheep (and occasionally fattening) were handed over to officials responsible for the management of the dead animals. The officials who work closely with Naru are: the Anonymous officials of Schulji period and Nahasa, the Abasa every of Amarsin period, the Intaea of Shushin period, the official of Royal Garden of Warcraft du every, and the official of Royal Warcraft Garden, du Tuo, who are in close contact with the work of Naru. The officials who received the dead, Ulnigaard and Schuljew, and so on. In addition, Naru took barley as feed for fattening sheep and handed over the excess barley to other officials; registered and handed over wool produced in his own sheepfold. Naru is one of the most important officials in Gongfu Center. He is a veteran of Schulegee, Amarsin and Shushin. Nalu's working life also witnessed the rise and fall of the center of tribute. Nalu provides fattening sheep for all kinds of sacrificial activities of the dynasty and provides us with the most primitive and direct first-hand materials for us to study the sacrifices of the Ur dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K124
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 刘文荣;;古代中国与古希腊祭祀对象之比较[J];安徽文学(下半月);2009年02期
2 王颖杰;;宁乌尔塔神小议[J];历史教学(高校版);2008年06期
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