1979-1991柬埔寨—东盟关系：从冲突到合作

发布时间：2019-04-24 10:34

【摘要】： 1979年初红色高棉野蛮政权的覆灭重新让柬埔寨人民燃起了和平与繁荣生活的希望。然而,在接下来十多年爆发于柬泰边境的内战冲突使这个希望很快归于破灭。波尔布特政权被推翻并被驱逐到柬泰边境后,柬埔寨出现了两个政权:一个是柬埔寨人民共和国(PRK),后来在苏联盟国越南的操纵下改名为柬埔寨国;另一个是民主柬埔寨联合政府(CGDK),由东盟,美国,中华人民共和国和它的盟国支持。由于冷战的缘由,不仅欧洲,在东南亚也由意识形态而划分为两大阵营。共产主义阵营包括越南,老挝和柬埔寨(印度尼西亚),而西方阵营包括东盟的五个创始国(印度尼西亚,马来西亚,菲律宾,新加坡和泰国)。当越南拒绝东盟所提出的在其与1979年取得对红色高棉的胜利后迅速撤离柬埔寨的要求时,这种分裂就导致了第三次印度支那战争,或称柬埔寨冲突。越南不仅没有从柬埔寨撤出其武装力量,而且在苏联失去其对越南的压力之前,即米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫上台的1985年,越南在柬埔寨持续驻军。在战时,越南军队不仅驻扎在城市与其他省份中,并且出现在柬泰边境上。越南军队的分散部署与他们1984-84年的旱季攻势导致了柬埔寨人民共和国与民主柬埔寨的内战;并且当民主柬埔寨的武装撤退到泰国境内后进一步造成了越南与泰国的军事冲突。双方关于越南军队在柬埔寨的存在有着不同的解释(越南—柬埔寨人民共和国与东盟)。越南方面解释为他们在柬埔寨驻军是对韩桑林政府关于阻止种族屠杀的波尔布特政权重夺权力的回应;是对红色高棉入侵的自卫(红色高棉1977年后入侵过一些越南省份);也是为了遏制中国的扩张主义。但对于东盟,越南军事力量在柬埔寨的存在事实上威胁了地区安全,并且进一步把越南的行动看作一种西进扩张运动。因此,为了抵制苏联和越南,东盟采取了动员外交和支持柬埔寨武装抵抗力量的双重策略。东盟鼓励驻扎在柬泰边境的柬埔寨抵抗力量成立所谓的民主柬埔寨联合政府。借助这个新成立的政府,东盟可以合法地反对越南在柬埔寨的武装力量。东盟成功的在政治上和经济上孤立了越南与柬埔寨人民共和国。尽管柬埔寨人民共和国受到东盟与国际社会在政治与经济上的孤立,但由于其每年接受大量来自苏联,越南及其他盟国的援助,以及来自国际红十字会和其他人道主义组织的援助,情况并非十分糟糕。但当苏联受到经济困难的打击时,开始了改革。并且由于这场改革,世界经历了剧烈的变化,苏联最终解体。当失去苏联的援助时,越南最终宣布在1989年底撤出在柬埔寨的军队。鉴于这种积极的行动,东盟开始软化其强硬的对柬政策,并开始了与越南和金边政府的谈判,期望达成一个全面解决柬埔寨冲突的决议。最终僵局被打破,柬埔寨各方与1991年签署了巴黎协议。
[Abstract]:The fall of the barbaric Khmer Rouge regime in early 1979 rekindled hopes for peace and prosperity for the Cambodian people. However, the civil war that broke out on the Cambodian-Thai border over the next decade quickly disillusioned that hope. After the overthrow of the Pol Pot regime and its expulsion to the Cambodian-Thai border, two regimes emerged in Cambodia: the (PRK), the people's Republic of Cambodia, which was later renamed the Cambodian State under the control of the Soviet Union ally Viet Nam; Another is the Democratic Kampuchea coalition government, (CGDK), backed by ASEAN, the United States, the people's Republic of China and its allies. As a result of the Cold War, not only Europe, but also Southeast Asia were divided into two camps by ideology. The communist camp includes Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia (Indonesia), while the Western camp includes the five founding members of ASEAN (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand). When Vietnam rejected ASEAN's request to evacuate Cambodia quickly after its 1979 victory over the Khmer Rouge, the split led to the third Indochina war, or the Cambodian conflict. Not only did Vietnam not withdraw its armed forces from Cambodia, but until the Soviet Union lost its pressure on Vietnam, Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1985, when Vietnam continued its military presence in Cambodia. During the war, Vietnamese troops were stationed not only in cities and other provinces, but also along the Cambodian-Thai border. The dispersal of the Vietnamese army and their 1994-84 dry season offensive led to the civil war between the people's Republic of Cambodia and Democratic Kampuchea; And when the forces of Democratic Kampuchea retreated into Thailand, the military conflict between Vietnam and Thailand was further created. There are different interpretations about the presence of Vietnamese troops in Cambodia (Vietnam-people's Republic of Cambodia and ASEAN). The Vietnamese side explained that their presence in Cambodia was a response to the Heng Samrim Government's decision to retake power by the Pol Pot regime, which prevented genocide; it was self-defence of the Khmer Rouge invasion (the Khmer Rouge invaded a number of Vietnamese provinces after 1977); It is also aimed at curbing Chinese expansionism. But for ASEAN, Vietnam's military presence in Cambodia is a de facto threat to regional security, and further views Vietnam's actions as a westward expansion movement. Therefore, in order to resist the Soviet Union and Vietnam, ASEAN adopted a dual strategy of mobilizing diplomacy and supporting Cambodian armed resistance. ASEAN encourages Cambodian resistance forces stationed on the Cambodian-Thai border to form a so-called Democratic Kampuchea coalition government. With the new government, ASEAN could legitimately oppose Vietnam's armed forces in Cambodia. ASEAN has succeeded in isolating Vietnam and the people's Republic of Cambodia politically and economically. Despite the political and economic isolation of ASEAN from the international community, the people's Republic of Cambodia receives substantial annual assistance from the Soviet Union, Viet Nam and other allies, And from the International Red Cross and other humanitarian organizations, the situation is not very bad. But when the Soviet Union was hit by economic hardship, reform began. And as a result of this reform, the world has undergone drastic changes, and the Soviet Union finally disintegrated. When Soviet aid was lost, Vietnam finally announced the withdrawal of its troops in Cambodia by the end of 1989. In view of this positive action, ASEAN began to soften its tough policy towards Cambodia and began negotiations with the governments of Vietnam and Phnom Penh in the hope of reaching a resolution on a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Cambodia. The stalemate was finally broken and the Cambodian parties signed the Paris agreement in 1991.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K33

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