两次世界大战期间的土耳其外交政策探析

发布时间：2019-04-29 06:45

【摘要】： 近代以来的土耳其民族正如近代以来的中华民族充满了艰辛和苦难。由于独特的战略地理位置,土耳其经常处于各大国的分割和包围之中。一战战败之后,土耳其遭到了野蛮的占领和瓜分。面对国家和民族的生死存亡,土耳其人民在伟大领袖凯末尔的带领下毅然掀起了反对列强瓜分、实现国家独立的民族解放运动。在战争期间,为了更好的配合军事胜利,土耳其新政府展开了积极务实的外交活动。通过这些活动,一方面对土耳其共和国的建立产生了重大的现实意义;另一方面在民族战争中建立起来的外交思想和原则为以后土耳其外交政策制定和实施奠定了坚实的基础。本文试图通过对土耳其民族独立解放运动中外交活动的历史考察发现和揭示土耳其外交思想和基本原则形成的历史背景和现实因素。通过对共和国建立之后到第二次世界大战之间土耳其外交政策的制定和外交活动的考察来印证民族战争中形成的外交思想和原则是怎样成功的保证了土耳其民族在面对险恶环境下国家主权的完整和民族的独立和发展。希冀从中能揭示外交政策制定和活动开展的普遍规律和现实考虑,以此来为我国的外交政策和外交活动提供一些可以借鉴的经验和教训。希望可以为我们更好的营造改革开放和经济建设的稳定的国际国内环境和更快地实现中华民族的“和平崛起”提供一些历史参考和现实指导。为此,本文将主要从以下八个方面来展开论述。首先,我们将介绍土耳其特别的战略地理位置以及由此所引起的土耳其国家外交战略的形成。并对土耳其在一战后遭受列强瓜分的历史进行考察,以此来揭示土耳其民族独立运动兴起的历史背景。其次,对土耳其民族独立运动中外交活动的开展进行论述,总结出土耳其外交的主要思想和基本原则。第三,我们将对土耳其建国后初期的外交政策进行考察。为了恢复和发展国民经济、巩固新生政权,土耳其外交这一时期主要是为求得和平稳定的国际国内环境而服务。第四,随着1929-1933年世界经济危机的到来以及德意法西斯的迅速崛起,土耳其的经济政治环境面临着巨大的挑战,土耳其外交的重心开始发生较为明显的变化。从积极争取经济发展的外部环境到为防止德意的侵略、维护国家主权和民族的独立而积极与诸大国结盟以及组建地区性的防御联盟,这一时期国家主权完整的需要超过了经济建设的需要。第五,对土耳其在三十年代的外交活动展开论述,集中展现土耳其外交为实现国家主权的完整和民族独立所开展的具体活动,并对在这一阶段所形成的武装中立的外交政策进行考察。第六,土耳其正是由于执行了正确的外交政策,从而得以在惨烈的二战中保证了民族的独立和国家主权的完整,并顺利加入联合国成为战后中近东地区一支重要的国家力量。最后,我们对土耳其在这个时间跨度内的外交政策和实践活动进行分析,得出土耳其外交主要思想和基本原则的主要特点,并结合我国的外交实际,提出我国在今后的外交实践中可以借鉴的历史经验和教训。
[Abstract]:The Turkish people since the modern times have been full of hardship and suffering, as the Chinese nation has since modern times. As a result of its unique strategic geographical location, Turkey is often in the divide and siege of the great powers. After the defeat of World War I, Turkey was subjected to a barbaric occupation and a split. In the face of the life and death of the nation and the nation, the Turkish people, under the leadership of the great leader of the Great Leader, set off a national liberation movement against the powers of the great powers to realize the independence of the nation. During the war, in order to better match the military victory, the new Government of Turkey has launched a positive and pragmatic diplomatic activity. Through these activities, on the one hand, the establishment of the Republic of Turkey is of great practical significance; on the other hand, the diplomatic thoughts and principles established in the national war have laid a solid foundation for the formulation and implementation of the foreign policy of the future. This paper attempts to find and reveal the historical background and the real factors of the formation of the diplomatic thought and the basic principles of the Turkish national liberation movement through the historical investigation of the diplomatic activities in the liberation movement of the Turkish national liberation movement. After the establishment of the Republic and the investigation of the diplomatic activity of the Turkish foreign policy between the Second World War and the Second World War, it is proved that the diplomatic thoughts and principles formed in the national war have succeeded in guaranteeing the complete and national independence of the national sovereignty of the Turkish people in the face of the dangerous and evil environment. Vertical and development. In this way, we can reveal the general rules and practical considerations of foreign policy development and activities, so as to provide some useful experience and lessons for our foreign policy and diplomatic activities. We hope that we can provide some historical reference and practical guidance for us to better create a stable international domestic environment for reform and opening-up and economic construction and to realize the "the rise of peace" of the Chinese nation more quickly. For this purpose, this article will be developed primarily from the following eight aspects First of all, we will present Turkey's special strategic location and the Turkish national diplomatic strategy The history of the country's independence movement was revealed by the study of the history of the country's invasion of the country after the war. Secondly, the paper discusses the development of the diplomatic activities in the independent movement of the Turkish nationality, and summarizes the main ideas and the basic principles of the Turkish diplomacy. III. Third, we will carry out the foreign policy in the early days of the founding of the Republic of Turkey In ord to restore and develop that national economy and to consolidate the new regime, Turkey's diplomacy is mainly a peaceful and stable international domestic environment. Fourth, with the coming of the world economic crisis of 1929-1933 and the rapid rise of the German-Italian fascists, the economic and political environment of Turkey is facing a great challenge, and the center of gravity of Turkey's diplomacy is becoming more obvious Change. From the external environment of the positive economic development to the purpose of preventing German aggression, safeguarding state sovereignty and the independence of the nation, and actively allied with the great powers and forming a regional defence alliance, the complete need of the state sovereignty over the period exceeds the economic construction The fifth, a discussion of Turkey's diplomatic activities in the 1930s, focused on the specific activities of Turkish diplomacy to achieve the complete and national independence of State sovereignty, as well as on the armed and neutral foreign policy formed at this stage In the sixth place, Turkey has been able to guarantee the integrity of the independence of the nation and the sovereignty of the State, and to join the United Nations to become an important country in the near-eastern part of the post-war In the end, we analyze the foreign policy and the practical activities of Turkey in this time span, and draw the main features of the main ideas and the basic principles of the Turkish foreign policy, and combine the foreign policy of our country In fact, it is the historical experience that our country can use for reference in the future diplomatic practice.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K374

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