罗斯福政府到约翰逊政府时期美国老龄政策的历史演变
发布时间：2019-05-06 22:11
【摘要】：本文根据时间线索,考察了罗斯福政府到约翰逊政府时期美国老龄政策的历史演变。论文由前言、正文和结论三个部分组成。前言部分主要说明了老龄政策的定义、美国老龄政策建立前的老年保障发展状况、研究美国老龄政策发展的理论和现实意义、国内外的研究现状、论文的研究思路和创新点。正文分为三章。第一章探讨了罗斯福时期现代老龄政策体系的初步建立。罗斯福上台后,他将老龄政策作为新政改革政策的重要组成部分,1935年颁布了在美国老龄政策发展史上具有奠基性意义的社会保障法。1939年对其进行了史上第一次重要的修订。第二次世界大战期间,美国老龄政策的发展暂时处于停滞状态。罗斯福政府时期开创的老龄政策具有深远的历史意义,但还仅仅局限在经济领域内。第二章探讨了杜鲁门和艾森豪威尔政府时期美国老龄政策体系的进一步发展。杜鲁门的民主党政府继承并发展了罗斯福新政时期开创的现代老龄政策体系,颁布了1950年社会保障法修正案,随后艾森豪威尔的共和党政府也无法逆转这一历史趋势,颁布了具有重要意义的1956年社会保障法修正案。此外,1950年召开的国家老龄会议和1961年召开的白宫老龄会议均对后来美国老龄政策的发展具有深远的影响。但受制于这一时期各种消极因素的影响,美国的老龄政策不仅在老年医疗保障政策的发展上遇到极大的阻力,而且所涉政策范围还是仅仅局限在老年经济范畴,无法向更广泛的领域扩展。第三章探讨了肯尼迪和约翰逊政府时期美国老龄政策体系的完善。这一时期,一系列积极因素的出现为美国老龄政策的发展提供了前所未有的机遇。除了进一步完善老年经济保障外,还突破了以往老龄政策仅仅停留在经济保障的范畴。其中1965年医疗照顾法案标志着美国建立起老年医疗保障体制,1965年《美国老年人法》的颁布标志着美国建立起为老社会服务体系,至此,罗斯福新政开创的现代老龄政策体系得以完善。结论部分对罗斯福到约翰逊政府时期老龄政策的发展历程、背景及影响进行了总结,并归纳了这一时期老龄政策制定的主要特征。美国老龄政策体系的建立时间晚,建立后循序渐进地向前发展。政策制定过程中十分讲究策略性。在老龄政策的内容制定上,美国特别强调权利和义务相挂钩,对各个老年保险项目给付条件的规定十分严格,并且十分重视私营保险在老年保障领域的补充性作用。
[Abstract]:Based on the time clue, this paper examines the historical evolution of American policy on ageing from Roosevelt's administration to Johnson's administration. The thesis consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface mainly explains the definition of the policy of the aged, the development of the security of the aged before the establishment of the policy of the aged in the United States, the theoretical and practical significance of studying the development of the policy of the aged in the United States, the research status at home and abroad, the research ideas and innovations of the thesis. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter discusses the establishment of the modern aging policy system in Roosevelt period. After Roosevelt came to power, he took the policy of the aged as an important part of the reform policy of the New deal. In 1935, he promulgated the Social Security Act, which had the fundamental significance in the history of the development of the policy of the aged in the United States, and revised it for the first time in the history of the reform of the New deal in 1939. During the second World War, the development of American policy on ageing was temporarily put to a standstill. The policy of ageing initiated during Roosevelt's administration was of far-reaching historical significance, but it was only confined to the economic sphere. The second chapter discusses the further development of American aging policy system during Truman and Eisenhower administration. Truman's Democratic government inherited and developed the modern aging policy system pioneered by Roosevelt's New deal, enacted amendments to the 1950 Social Security Act, and Eisenhower's Republican administration was unable to reverse this historical trend. An important amendment to the 1956 Social Security Act was promulgated. In addition, the National Assembly on ageing in 1950 and the White House Conference on ageing in 1961 had a profound impact on the development of American policy on ageing. However, under the influence of various negative factors during this period, the United States policy on ageing not only encountered great resistance to the development of the health care policy for the elderly, but also limited its policy scope to the economic scope of the elderly. Cannot be extended to a wider range of areas. The third chapter discusses the perfection of American aging policy system during Kennedy and Johnson administration. During this period, the emergence of a series of positive factors provided unprecedented opportunities for the development of American policy on ageing. In addition to further improving the economic security of the elderly, it also broke through the old policy of only staying in the scope of economic security. Among them, the 1965 Medical Care Act marked the establishment of the medical security system for the elderly in the United States, and the promulgation of the American elderly Act 1965 marked the establishment of the system of service for the elderly in the United States. Roosevelt's new deal created a modern policy system for the elderly to be perfected. The conclusion summarizes the development, background and influence of the policy of the aged from Roosevelt to Johnson, and sums up the main characteristics of the policy-making of the aged in this period. The American policy system on ageing was set up late, and developed gradually after it was established. The policy-making process is very strategic. In the formulation of the policy on ageing, the United States attaches great importance to the linking of rights and obligations, strictly regulates the conditions of payment of various old-age insurance projects, and attaches great importance to the complementary role of private insurance in the field of old-age security.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K712.5
本文编号：2470536
[Abstract]:Based on the time clue, this paper examines the historical evolution of American policy on ageing from Roosevelt's administration to Johnson's administration. The thesis consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface mainly explains the definition of the policy of the aged, the development of the security of the aged before the establishment of the policy of the aged in the United States, the theoretical and practical significance of studying the development of the policy of the aged in the United States, the research status at home and abroad, the research ideas and innovations of the thesis. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter discusses the establishment of the modern aging policy system in Roosevelt period. After Roosevelt came to power, he took the policy of the aged as an important part of the reform policy of the New deal. In 1935, he promulgated the Social Security Act, which had the fundamental significance in the history of the development of the policy of the aged in the United States, and revised it for the first time in the history of the reform of the New deal in 1939. During the second World War, the development of American policy on ageing was temporarily put to a standstill. The policy of ageing initiated during Roosevelt's administration was of far-reaching historical significance, but it was only confined to the economic sphere. The second chapter discusses the further development of American aging policy system during Truman and Eisenhower administration. Truman's Democratic government inherited and developed the modern aging policy system pioneered by Roosevelt's New deal, enacted amendments to the 1950 Social Security Act, and Eisenhower's Republican administration was unable to reverse this historical trend. An important amendment to the 1956 Social Security Act was promulgated. In addition, the National Assembly on ageing in 1950 and the White House Conference on ageing in 1961 had a profound impact on the development of American policy on ageing. However, under the influence of various negative factors during this period, the United States policy on ageing not only encountered great resistance to the development of the health care policy for the elderly, but also limited its policy scope to the economic scope of the elderly. Cannot be extended to a wider range of areas. The third chapter discusses the perfection of American aging policy system during Kennedy and Johnson administration. During this period, the emergence of a series of positive factors provided unprecedented opportunities for the development of American policy on ageing. In addition to further improving the economic security of the elderly, it also broke through the old policy of only staying in the scope of economic security. Among them, the 1965 Medical Care Act marked the establishment of the medical security system for the elderly in the United States, and the promulgation of the American elderly Act 1965 marked the establishment of the system of service for the elderly in the United States. Roosevelt's new deal created a modern policy system for the elderly to be perfected. The conclusion summarizes the development, background and influence of the policy of the aged from Roosevelt to Johnson, and sums up the main characteristics of the policy-making of the aged in this period. The American policy system on ageing was set up late, and developed gradually after it was established. The policy-making process is very strategic. In the formulation of the policy on ageing, the United States attaches great importance to the linking of rights and obligations, strictly regulates the conditions of payment of various old-age insurance projects, and attaches great importance to the complementary role of private insurance in the field of old-age security.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K712.5
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