穆巴拉克时期埃及中小企业发展研究

发布时间：2019-05-06 19:36

【摘要】：埃及是中东地区最重要的国家之一,有着阿拉伯、非洲、伊斯兰和发展国家的属性。埃及在中东地区以稳定著称,但是长期执政的穆巴拉克总统却在群众抗议中下台。“一·二五”革命的发生有深刻的历史背景,持续恶化的国内经济状况是穆巴拉克政府倒台的重要原因之一。埃及中小企业发展与经济发展问题密切相关,探究穆巴拉克时期埃及中小企业发展状况极具现实意义。穆巴拉克时代是埃及中小企业发展的关键时期,经历了中小企业的兴起和发展阶段。埃及曾经长期实行中央计划经济体制和进口替代工业化的经济发展战略,为此建立了大量的国有企业,中小企业几乎得不到发展。穆巴拉克在任期间,埃及经济经历了从计划经济向市场经济,从国有经济向私有经济转变的过程,埃及中小企业正是在这一大背景下发展起来。穆巴拉克时期中小企业的发展大体上可以10年为一个阶段,从1981年到1991年,穆巴拉克政府确定了把“消费型开放”变为“生产型开放”的总政策方针。在这些措施的刺激下,埃及中小企业在这一时期有了一定的发展。从1991年开始,穆巴拉克政府推行全面经济改革计划,转向以私营企业为主的市场经济发展战略,大量原国有企业员工失业,社会不稳定因素加剧,因而政府开始意识到中小企业在增加就业岗位、稳定社会方面的重要作用,转而开始实行扶持中小企业的态度。进入新世纪以来,中小企业发展的环境进一步改善,采取“出口导向”的发展战略,力求融入全球经济。埃及中小企业的发展并非是一帆风顺,具体而言,穆巴拉克时期埃及中小企业发展面临的限制因素主要包括：长期计划经济导致严重的官僚主义和行政壁垒；政府对中小企业发展的支持不足,且无法制定出有利于中小企业发展的政策；伊斯兰教文化对生产经营产生消极影响；不合理的补贴政策；受全球化和世界市场波动的影响；此外,国内经济环境、法律制度等因素也在不同程度上影响埃及中小企业的发展。但鉴于中小企业在埃及国民经济中扮演者不可替代的重要角色,穆巴拉克政府在多方面制定政策对其进行必要的扶持,如成立专门的政府组织、成立为中小企业发展提供服务的组织、成立会员组织等。经过三十年的发展,中小企业已成为埃及经济发展的中坚力量,是埃及企业中最具活力、最有创新意识和发展前景的企业群体,在国民经济中扮演十分重要的角色。此外,发展中小企业是不仅是解决埃及诸多经济和社会问题的关键。对日益升温的中埃经济合作也产生重要启示,随着两国经济合作形式越来越多样化,合作的水平也不断提高,埃及中小企业的发展迎来千载难逢的机遇。
[Abstract]:Egypt is one of the most important countries in the Middle East, with Arab, African, Islamic and developmental attributes. Egypt is known for its stability in the Middle East, but President Mubarak, who has long been in power, stepped down amid mass protests. One of the important reasons for Mubarak's government's downfall is the worsening domestic economic situation, which has a profound historical background. The development of Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises is closely related to economic development. It is of great practical significance to explore the development of Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises in Mubarak. Mubarak era is the key period of the development of Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises, experienced the rise and development stage of small and medium-sized enterprises. Egypt once carried out the economic development strategy of central planned economy system and import substitution industrialization for a long time, so a large number of state-owned enterprises were set up, and the small and medium-sized enterprises could hardly be developed. During Mubarak's tenure, Egyptian economy experienced the transition from planned economy to market economy, from state-owned economy to private economy, and it was under this background that Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises developed. The development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Mubarak period can be generally a period of 10 years. From 1981 to 1991, Mubarak government decided on the general policy of turning "consumption-oriented opening" into "production-oriented opening-up". Under the stimulation of these measures, Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises have had a certain development in this period. Since 1991, Mubarak's government has carried out a comprehensive economic reform plan and shifted to a market economy development strategy dominated by private enterprises. A large number of former state-owned enterprises have lost their jobs and social instability has intensified. As a result, the government began to realize the important role of small and medium-sized enterprises in increasing employment and stabilizing society, and began to implement the attitude of supporting small and medium-sized enterprises. Since the beginning of the new century, the environment for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises has been further improved and the export-oriented development strategy has been adopted in an effort to integrate into the global economy. The development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Egypt is not smooth sailing. Specifically, the restrictive factors facing the development of Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises in Mubarak period mainly include: long-term planned economy leads to serious bureaucracy and administrative barriers; Government support for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is insufficient and it is not possible to formulate policies conducive to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises; Islamic culture has a negative impact on production and management; unreasonable subsidy policies; the impact of globalization and fluctuations in world markets; In addition, domestic economic environment, legal system and other factors also affect the development of Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises in varying degrees. However, given the irreplaceable important role of small and medium-sized enterprises in Egypt's national economy, the Mubarak Government has formulated policies to support it in many aspects, such as the establishment of specialized government organizations. The establishment of small and medium-sized enterprises to provide services for the development of organizations, member organizations and so on. After 30 years of development, small and medium-sized enterprises have become the backbone of Egyptian economic development. They are the most dynamic, innovative and promising groups of enterprises in Egypt, and play a very important role in the national economy. In addition, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is not only the key to solving Egypt's many economic and social problems. As the forms of economic cooperation between the two countries become more and more diversified and the level of cooperation continues to improve, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Egypt is ushered in a rare opportunity.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K411.5;F279.411

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