苏（俄）对新疆的政策研究
发布时间：2019-05-28 23:59
【摘要】： 苏(俄)对新疆的政策给新疆的经济、政治、文化以及社会生活产生了重要影响。一方面,苏(俄)依靠其强大的军事力量,推行大国沙文主义,为了本国的国家利益和区域利益,试图把新疆变成苏(俄)的势力范围,在新疆扶植一个亲苏的政权,直接或间接地插手新疆内政和外交,是一种强权政治的表现;另一方面,苏(俄)对新疆政策的实施,特别是在20世纪30年代对新疆的援助和对中国抗战的支持,客观上促进了新疆当时社会经济、政治和文化事业的进步,有利于新疆的现代化进程。 本文共分四个部分,第一部分首先对苏联建立前沙俄在新疆的政策和活动进行了简要的历史回顾,意在说明沙俄对新疆的关注有其历史渊源,同时指出了沙俄在新疆的活动主要是侵略和掠夺。第二部分通过对二十世纪苏联成立后在新疆的政策和活动历史脉络的梳理,比较完整地再现了苏联在新疆一系列政策的实施与变化,有侧重地阐述了杨增新、金树仁、盛世才、张治中主政新疆时期苏联对新疆政策的演变,各个历史时期主要涉及了军事、经济、政治、文化、贸易、外交、民族关系等方面。第三部分是在新疆和平解放以后,苏联在新疆和平解放过程中和初期,曾经建议中国共产党尽早解决新疆问题,并促成了中国共产党和三区方面及国民党方面的和谈,对推进新疆和平解放起了重大作用,有历史进步意义。但在二十世纪六十年代,苏联在新疆扮演了不光彩的角色,它遗留到新疆的侨民,成为中苏边疆地区制造麻烦的一种潜在力量。中苏两党关系恶化时,苏联以军事力量相威胁,在边疆陈兵百万,并在新疆境内进行了渗透和颠覆活动,策动了暴乱事件。东欧剧变和苏联解体以后,新疆周边环境比较复杂,中亚原苏联加盟共和国的相继独立,一方面苏联(俄罗斯)对新疆直接的侵略威胁减弱了,另一方面又大大刺激了新疆的民族分裂主义分子,妄图在外力的支持下把新疆从中国分裂出去,给新疆的稳定造成了不好的影响。第四部分是对全文的分析评价,纵观苏(俄)在新疆的政策可以看出:苏(俄)调整对新疆的政策,是基于苏(俄)国家利益和区域利益的考虑,基于在本地区与美、英、日博弈的考虑,妄图把新疆置于本国的影响之下;同时,也警示我们要增加忧患意识,因为新疆的安全与稳定是中国国家利益的主要体现。新疆未来的发展,应该以“西部大开发”为契机,正确处理跨境的复杂的民族和宗教关系;增强国防和经济实力;大力开展与周边国家的交流和合作;发挥“东引西连”的区位优势,结合新疆的实际,又好又快的发展,实现“睦邻、安邻、富邻”的战略目标。
[Abstract]:Soviet (Russian) policy on Xinjiang has had an important impact on Xinjiang's economic, political, cultural and social life. On the one hand, the Soviet Union (Russia) relied on its strong military strength to promote chauvinism of the great powers and to try to turn Xinjiang into a sphere of influence of the Soviet Union (Russia) for the sake of its own national and regional interests, and to foster a pro-Soviet regime in Xinjiang. It is a manifestation of power politics to interfere directly or indirectly in Xinjiang's internal and foreign affairs. On the other hand, the implementation of the Soviet (Russian) policy towards Xinjiang, especially its assistance to Xinjiang in the 1930s and its support for China's War of Resistance against Japan, objectively promoted the progress of social, economic, political, and cultural undertakings in Xinjiang at that time. It is beneficial to the modernization process of Xinjiang. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part first makes a brief historical review of the policies and activities of Russia in Xinjiang before the establishment of the Soviet Union, in order to show that Russia's attention to Xinjiang has its historical origin. At the same time, it is pointed out that the activities of Russia in Xinjiang are mainly aggression and plunder. The second part, by combing the historical context of the policies and activities of the Soviet Union in Xinjiang after the founding of the Soviet Union in the 20th century, completely reproduces the implementation and changes of a series of policies of the Soviet Union in Xinjiang, with emphasis on Yang Zengxin, Jin Shuren and Sheng Shicai. The evolution of Soviet policy towards Xinjiang during the period of Zhang Zhizhong's rule of Xinjiang mainly involved military, economic, political, cultural, trade, foreign affairs, ethnic relations and so on. The third part is that after the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, the Soviet Union, in the process and early stage of the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, suggested that the Communist Party of China solve the Xinjiang issue as soon as possible, and contributed to the peace talks between the Communist Party of China and the three districts, as well as the Kuomintang. It has played an important role in promoting the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang and is of historical significance. However, in the 1960s, the Soviet Union played a disgraceful role in Xinjiang, leaving it to the expatriates of Xinjiang and becoming a potential force to cause trouble in the border areas between China and the Soviet Union. When the relations between China and the Soviet Union became worse, the Soviet Union threatened with military forces, carried out infiltration and subversive activities in the frontier of Chen Bing, and carried out infiltration and subversive activities in Xinjiang, leading to the rioting. After the upheaval of Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the surrounding environment of Xinjiang was relatively complex, and the former Soviet republics in Central Asia became independent one after another. On the one hand, the Soviet Union (Russia) weakened its direct threat of aggression against Xinjiang. On the other hand, it has greatly stimulated the national separatists in Xinjiang, trying to split Xinjiang from China with the support of foreign forces, which has had a bad impact on the stability of Xinjiang. The fourth part is the analysis and evaluation of the full text. Looking at the policy of the Soviet Union (Russia) in Xinjiang, we can see that the adjustment of the policy of the Soviet Union (Russia) towards Xinjiang is based on the consideration of the national and regional interests of the Soviet Union (Russia), based on the region and the United States and the United Kingdom. Considering the Japanese game, we try to put Xinjiang under the influence of our own country. At the same time, it also warns us to increase our sense of suffering, because the security and stability of Xinjiang is the main embodiment of China's national interests. In the future development of Xinjiang, we should take the opportunity of "the great development of the western region" to correctly handle the complex ethnic and religious relations across the border, strengthen national defense and economic strength, and vigorously carry out exchanges and cooperation with neighboring countries. Give full play to the location advantages of "east-to-west company", combine the reality of Xinjiang, develop well and quickly, and realize the strategic goal of "good-neighborly, safe-neighborly and rich-neighborly".
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K512.5
本文编号：2487470
[Abstract]:Soviet (Russian) policy on Xinjiang has had an important impact on Xinjiang's economic, political, cultural and social life. On the one hand, the Soviet Union (Russia) relied on its strong military strength to promote chauvinism of the great powers and to try to turn Xinjiang into a sphere of influence of the Soviet Union (Russia) for the sake of its own national and regional interests, and to foster a pro-Soviet regime in Xinjiang. It is a manifestation of power politics to interfere directly or indirectly in Xinjiang's internal and foreign affairs. On the other hand, the implementation of the Soviet (Russian) policy towards Xinjiang, especially its assistance to Xinjiang in the 1930s and its support for China's War of Resistance against Japan, objectively promoted the progress of social, economic, political, and cultural undertakings in Xinjiang at that time. It is beneficial to the modernization process of Xinjiang. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part first makes a brief historical review of the policies and activities of Russia in Xinjiang before the establishment of the Soviet Union, in order to show that Russia's attention to Xinjiang has its historical origin. At the same time, it is pointed out that the activities of Russia in Xinjiang are mainly aggression and plunder. The second part, by combing the historical context of the policies and activities of the Soviet Union in Xinjiang after the founding of the Soviet Union in the 20th century, completely reproduces the implementation and changes of a series of policies of the Soviet Union in Xinjiang, with emphasis on Yang Zengxin, Jin Shuren and Sheng Shicai. The evolution of Soviet policy towards Xinjiang during the period of Zhang Zhizhong's rule of Xinjiang mainly involved military, economic, political, cultural, trade, foreign affairs, ethnic relations and so on. The third part is that after the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, the Soviet Union, in the process and early stage of the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, suggested that the Communist Party of China solve the Xinjiang issue as soon as possible, and contributed to the peace talks between the Communist Party of China and the three districts, as well as the Kuomintang. It has played an important role in promoting the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang and is of historical significance. However, in the 1960s, the Soviet Union played a disgraceful role in Xinjiang, leaving it to the expatriates of Xinjiang and becoming a potential force to cause trouble in the border areas between China and the Soviet Union. When the relations between China and the Soviet Union became worse, the Soviet Union threatened with military forces, carried out infiltration and subversive activities in the frontier of Chen Bing, and carried out infiltration and subversive activities in Xinjiang, leading to the rioting. After the upheaval of Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the surrounding environment of Xinjiang was relatively complex, and the former Soviet republics in Central Asia became independent one after another. On the one hand, the Soviet Union (Russia) weakened its direct threat of aggression against Xinjiang. On the other hand, it has greatly stimulated the national separatists in Xinjiang, trying to split Xinjiang from China with the support of foreign forces, which has had a bad impact on the stability of Xinjiang. The fourth part is the analysis and evaluation of the full text. Looking at the policy of the Soviet Union (Russia) in Xinjiang, we can see that the adjustment of the policy of the Soviet Union (Russia) towards Xinjiang is based on the consideration of the national and regional interests of the Soviet Union (Russia), based on the region and the United States and the United Kingdom. Considering the Japanese game, we try to put Xinjiang under the influence of our own country. At the same time, it also warns us to increase our sense of suffering, because the security and stability of Xinjiang is the main embodiment of China's national interests. In the future development of Xinjiang, we should take the opportunity of "the great development of the western region" to correctly handle the complex ethnic and religious relations across the border, strengthen national defense and economic strength, and vigorously carry out exchanges and cooperation with neighboring countries. Give full play to the location advantages of "east-to-west company", combine the reality of Xinjiang, develop well and quickly, and realize the strategic goal of "good-neighborly, safe-neighborly and rich-neighborly".
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K512.5
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 罗利新;苏联与新疆三区革命的关系[D];新疆师范大学;2009年
，本文编号：2487470
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