雅典民主政治和罗马元老院政治之比较

发布时间：2019-05-29 11:40

【摘要】：在世界历史的研究中,对于希腊和罗马的研究自古至今一直鼎盛不衰。尤其是文艺复兴之后,无论是历史研究的本身,希腊罗马历史中的多个层面,还是希腊罗马文明的接触等等话题都是极具历史研究价值的选题。英国学者芬利(MosesFinley,1912-1986)是20世纪西方最有影响力的古典史学家之一,他对于古典世界的研究成果颇多,特别是对于古典政治的研究主要集中在雅典的民主政治和罗马的共和政治方面,同时也对于二者进行了比较研究；而元老院从罗马建国伊始到奥古斯都为止一直都是罗马国家政策制定的权力中心,在古罗马的历史中作为权力机构发挥着重要的作用,特别是与罗马共和国密切相关。而且元老院本身的存在也是与罗马国家同步的,一直到罗马覆亡为止。本文就以此为契机,以史料为依托,重点从雅典民主政治和罗马元老院的产生、发展、特征和影响四个方面来分别论述。此外采用历史比较的方法,在论述的基础之上试图总结出它们的不同点并分析原因。全文总共分为绪论、正文和结语三大部分,其中正文分为四部分。第一部分为绪论。主要介绍了目前国内外学术界对这一问题的研究现状及成果,并论述了该选题的研究意义和研究方法。第二部分为正文,主要分为四个章节。第一章,主要分别介绍了雅典民主政治和罗马元老院政治所产生的背景。其中首先写到了与雅典民主政治发展壮大息息相关的梭伦改革、庇西特拉图僭主政治、克利斯提尼改革和伯利克里改革。其次,从王政时代、共和国时期、帝国时期来论述了罗马元老院的产生与发展,最后从中分析了二者的相同点和不同点。第二章,主要分别论述了雅典民主政治和罗马元老院政治的运行机制。首先写到了雅典民主政治中公民大会、五百人议事会和陪审法庭机构之间互相配合和牵制,有效的维系了雅典人的政治生活。其次,分别从王政时期、共和时期和帝国时期介绍了元老院政治职权、地位和作用的转变。最后在此基础之上分析了二者的异同之处。第三章,主要介绍了雅典民主政治和罗马元老院政治的特征。其中雅典民主政治的特征是从直接民主制、人民主权、法律至上和轮番执政四个方面来论述的。罗马元老院政治的特征是分别从贵族性质、等级制度、责任制和直接表决制四个方面来介绍的。最后分析了二者的不同之处和原因。第四章,主要分别论述了雅典民主政治和罗马元老院政治的贡献和局限性。第三部分,结语。主要是对全文的总结,重点概括了本文的核心内容并得出规律性的认识。
[Abstract]:In the study of world history, the study of Greece and Rome has been prosperous since ancient times. Especially after the Renaissance, whether it is the historical study itself, many aspects of Greek and Roman history, or the contact of Greek and Roman civilization, and so on, are very valuable topics in historical research. MosesFinley,1912-1986, a British scholar, is one of the most influential classical historians in the West in the 20th century. He has done a lot of research on the classical world. Especially, the study of classical politics mainly focuses on the democratic politics of Athens and the Republican politics of Rome, and also makes a comparative study of the two. From the beginning of the founding of Rome to Augustus, the Senate has been the power center of Roman national policy making, and played an important role as an authority in the history of ancient Rome, especially closely related to the Roman Republic. And the Senate itself existed at the same time as the Roman state, until the fall of Rome. Taking this as an opportunity and relying on historical materials, this paper focuses on the emergence, development, characteristics and influence of Athenian democratic politics and Roman Senate. In addition, by using the method of historical comparison, this paper tries to summarize their differences and analyze the reasons on the basis of the discussion. The full text is divided into three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion, in which the main body is divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction. This paper mainly introduces the research status and achievements of this issue in academic circles at home and abroad, and discusses the significance and research methods of this topic. The second part is the main body, mainly divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the background of Athenian democratic politics and Roman Senate politics. First of all, it wrote about the Solon reform, which is closely related to the development and growth of Athenian democracy, Persitra's illegal master politics, the Christini reform and the Bethlehem Kerry reform. Secondly, it discusses the emergence and development of the Roman Senate from the imperial period, the Republican period and the imperial period, and finally analyzes the similarities and differences between the two. The second chapter mainly discusses the operation mechanism of Athenian democratic politics and Roman Senate politics. First of all, it is written that the citizens' Congress in Athenian democratic politics, the mutual cooperation and restraint between the 500-member council and the jury court institutions have effectively maintained the political life of the Athenians. Secondly, it introduces the transformation of the political power, status and function of the Senate from the imperial period, the Republican period and the imperial period. Finally, on this basis, the similarities and differences between the two are analyzed. The third chapter mainly introduces the characteristics of Athenian democratic politics and Roman Senate politics. Among them, the characteristics of Athenian democratic politics are discussed from four aspects: direct democracy, people's sovereignty, the supremacy of law and rotation of power. The characteristics of Roman Senate politics are introduced from four aspects: aristocratic nature, hierarchy, responsibility system and direct voting system. Finally, the differences and reasons between the two are analyzed. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the contribution and limitation of Athenian democratic politics and Roman Senate politics respectively. The third part, the conclusion. It is mainly the summary of the full text, focusing on the core content of this paper and the regular understanding.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K12

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