巴林王国政治民主化进程研究
发布时间：2019-06-03 22:16
【摘要】：巴林王国地处海湾，国土面积狭小，由于地理位置优越，历史上曾长期遭受外来势力的殖民。18世纪哈利法家族进驻以后，巴林民族国家实体逐渐成型，但其对现代政治体制的构建直到英国殖民统治时期才真正开启。二战结束后，中东地区迎来持续近半个世纪的民族主义运动和民族国家建立的浪潮，在此背景下，巴林于20世纪70年代摆脱英国殖民统治，走上独立探索经济现代化和政治民主化的发展道路。 自萨勒曼酋长时代开始，以哈利法家族为主体的巴林政府为变革传统君主专制政体以适应现代化的发展要求，在政治领域自上而下推行民主制改革。政府相继颁布1973年宪法、《国家行动宪章》和2002年宪法；组建两院制国民议会；推行议会和市政选举；给予部分什叶派政治组织以合法地位。以改善国内政治环境为目的的改革措施在一定程度上推动了巴林宪政、代议制和政党政治的发展，使其成为海湾其他威权主义国家在政治现代化建设上的典范。 巴林的政治民主化进程属于后发外源型政治民主化。作为传统的阿拉伯—伊斯兰国家，其政治体制深受部落家长制观念、伊斯兰宗教与政治文化的影响，政治运作模式中的威权主义和政教合一特征明显。因此，巴林政治民主化的发展始终是统治家族与普通民众、什叶派与逊尼派、传统意识形态与现代意识形态之间相互妥协的产物。 传统与现代、宗教与世俗、专制与民主之间的激烈碰撞和冲突始终贯穿巴林的政治民主化进程。政教分离难以实现，民选政府难以完全取代家族权威都是巴林政治发展长期面临的困境。如何处理政治转型时期爆发的各类冲突，弱化社会转型带来的社会震荡效应，如何在保持传统的同时适应现代社会，保障专制统治向民主政治的平稳过渡不仅是哈利法家族未来所要解决的难题，也是值得其他君主制国家深思的重要问题。
[Abstract]:The Kingdom of Bahrain is located in the Gulf and has a narrow territory. Because of its superior geographical position, it has been colonized by foreign forces for a long time in history. After the emplacement of the Khalifa family in the 18th century, Bahrain's nation-state entity gradually took shape. But its construction of modern political system did not really open until the period of British colonial rule. After the end of World War II, the Middle East ushered in a wave of nationalist movement and nation-state establishment for nearly half a century. Under this background, Bahrain got rid of British colonial rule in the 1970s. Embark on the independent exploration of economic modernization and political democratization of the road of development. Since the era of Chief Salman, the Bahrain government, with the Khalifa family as the main body, has carried out democratic reform in the political field in order to change the traditional autocratic monarchy in order to meet the requirements of modernization. The government promulgated the 1973 Constitution, the National Action Charter and the 2002 Constitution; formed a bicameral National Assembly; promoted parliamentary and municipal elections; and gave legal status to some Shiite political organizations. To a certain extent, the reform measures aimed at improving the domestic political environment have promoted the development of constitutional government, representative system and party politics in Bahrain, making it a model for other authoritarian countries in the Gulf in the construction of political modernization. The process of political democratization in Bahrain belongs to the late-originated political democratization. As a traditional Arab-Islamic country, its political system is deeply influenced by the concept of tribal patriarchal system, Islamic religion and political culture, and the characteristics of authoritarianism and the unity of politics and religion in the political operation mode are obvious. Therefore, the development of political democratization in Bahrain has always been the product of compromise between ruling families and ordinary people, Shiites and Sunnis, traditional ideology and modern ideology. The fierce collision and conflict between tradition and modern, religion and secular, autocracy and democracy always run through the process of political democratization in Bahrain. It is difficult for Bahrain's political development to realize the separation of government and religion, and it is difficult for elected government to completely replace family authority. How to deal with all kinds of conflicts that break out in the period of political transformation, weaken the social shock effect brought about by social transformation, and how to adapt to modern society while maintaining the tradition. Ensuring the smooth transition from autocratic rule to democratic politics is not only a difficult problem to be solved by the Khalifa family in the future, but also an important issue worthy of deep consideration by other monarchy countries.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K386
本文编号：2492262
[Abstract]:The Kingdom of Bahrain is located in the Gulf and has a narrow territory. Because of its superior geographical position, it has been colonized by foreign forces for a long time in history. After the emplacement of the Khalifa family in the 18th century, Bahrain's nation-state entity gradually took shape. But its construction of modern political system did not really open until the period of British colonial rule. After the end of World War II, the Middle East ushered in a wave of nationalist movement and nation-state establishment for nearly half a century. Under this background, Bahrain got rid of British colonial rule in the 1970s. Embark on the independent exploration of economic modernization and political democratization of the road of development. Since the era of Chief Salman, the Bahrain government, with the Khalifa family as the main body, has carried out democratic reform in the political field in order to change the traditional autocratic monarchy in order to meet the requirements of modernization. The government promulgated the 1973 Constitution, the National Action Charter and the 2002 Constitution; formed a bicameral National Assembly; promoted parliamentary and municipal elections; and gave legal status to some Shiite political organizations. To a certain extent, the reform measures aimed at improving the domestic political environment have promoted the development of constitutional government, representative system and party politics in Bahrain, making it a model for other authoritarian countries in the Gulf in the construction of political modernization. The process of political democratization in Bahrain belongs to the late-originated political democratization. As a traditional Arab-Islamic country, its political system is deeply influenced by the concept of tribal patriarchal system, Islamic religion and political culture, and the characteristics of authoritarianism and the unity of politics and religion in the political operation mode are obvious. Therefore, the development of political democratization in Bahrain has always been the product of compromise between ruling families and ordinary people, Shiites and Sunnis, traditional ideology and modern ideology. The fierce collision and conflict between tradition and modern, religion and secular, autocracy and democracy always run through the process of political democratization in Bahrain. It is difficult for Bahrain's political development to realize the separation of government and religion, and it is difficult for elected government to completely replace family authority. How to deal with all kinds of conflicts that break out in the period of political transformation, weaken the social shock effect brought about by social transformation, and how to adapt to modern society while maintaining the tradition. Ensuring the smooth transition from autocratic rule to democratic politics is not only a difficult problem to be solved by the Khalifa family in the future, but also an important issue worthy of deep consideration by other monarchy countries.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K386
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 王林聪;论中东伊斯兰国家民主化及其前景[J];西亚非洲;2004年02期
2 王林聪;论伊斯兰教与民主之间不确定的关系[J];西亚非洲;2005年05期
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