伊朗巴列维王朝时期的威权主义研究

发布时间：2019-06-20 13:33

【摘要】：伊朗作为中东大国之一,不仅拥有着辉煌的历史背景、深厚的文化底蕴、特殊的地理位置和丰富的自然资源,而且其有别于其他国家的政治体制和特殊的内外政策使得它在国际上备受瞩目。其中,存在了半个世纪的巴列维王朝(1925-1979年)更是伊朗历史上一个具有特殊意义和影响的时期。本文内容旨在对于伊朗巴列维王朝时期威权主义形成的背景、原因、发展的模式、改革的措施以及其潜在的政治弊端进行简要的分析,试图对巴列维王朝时期的威权主义进行梳理研究。第一章引言部分对于国内外的研究成果进行了综述,并对于本文进行研究的伊朗巴列维王朝时期的威权主义进行了概述。第二章内容对于礼萨·汗是如何实现的威权统治进行了详细的论述,礼萨·汗通过实施内政制度和社会世俗化的改革达到了强化威权统治的目的,并且掀开了建设现代化国家的新篇章。然而,礼萨·汗为强化威权统治所进行的改革暗存隐患,其绝对威权的个人形象、暴敛财富、实施高压政策、对政治官员的大清洗以及政治监视这些威权统治下的表现更是突出了其潜在的政治弊端。第三章巴列维国王时期的威权主义有五个部分组成,分别是威权统治的重建过程、“白色革命”与威权统治的强化、威权统治的支柱、美国利益与威权统治的关系以及威权统治的危机。前两个部分主要论述的是巴列维国王时期威权统治实现的措施,其中“白色革命”的实施奠定了小巴列维的极权地位。第三第四部分论述的是威权统治的国内外因素,与美国的“特殊关系”是小巴列维能够实现威权统治的重要因素。最后一部分对于威权统治的危机进行了论述。第四章结语部分是对于整个巴列维王朝时期两代君主威权统治进行的比较和总结。由于大小巴列维是父子关系,所以他们在实现威权统治的手段上几乎如出一辙,唯有在对待外国的“帮助”立场上分歧较大。然而,正是小巴列维有别于礼萨·汗的这种立场和态度,给伊朗人民留下了攻击的口实,使得巴列维王朝最终走向了万劫不复的深渊。
[Abstract]:As one of the great powers in the Middle East, Iran not only has a brilliant historical background, profound cultural heritage, special geographical position and rich natural resources, but also is different from the political system and special internal and external policies of other countries, so that it has attracted much attention in the international community. Among them, the Balevi dynasty (1925-1979), which existed for half a century, is a period of special significance and influence in Iranian history. The purpose of this paper is to briefly analyze the background, reasons, development model, reform measures and its potential political malpractices of authoritarianism during the Balevi dynasty in Iran, and to try to sort out the authoritarianism during the Balevi dynasty. In the first chapter, the introduction summarizes the research results at home and abroad, and summarizes the authoritarianism of the Balevi dynasty in Iran. The second chapter discusses in detail how to realize the authoritarian rule of Lisa Khan. Lisa Khan has achieved the purpose of strengthening authoritarian rule through the implementation of the internal affairs system and the reform of social secularization, and opened a new chapter of building a modern country. However, there are hidden dangers in the reform of Lisa Khan to strengthen authoritarian rule. His personal image of absolute authoritarianism, the collection of wealth, the implementation of high-pressure policies, the purge of political officials and political surveillance have highlighted their potential political malpractices. The third chapter is composed of five parts: the reconstruction process of authoritarian rule, the strengthening of "white revolution" and authoritarian rule, the pillar of authoritarian rule, the relationship between American interests and authoritarian rule, and the crisis of authoritarian rule. The first two parts mainly discuss the measures to realize the authoritarian rule in the period of King Barey, in which the implementation of the "white revolution" established the totalitarian position of Little Ballev. The third and fourth part discusses the domestic and foreign factors of authoritarian rule, and the "special relationship" with the United States is an important factor in the realization of authoritarian rule. The last part discusses the crisis of authoritarian rule. The fourth chapter concludes with the comparison and summary of the authoritarian rule of the two generations of monarchs in the whole period of the Bavi Dynasty. Since big and small Ballevi is a father-son relationship, they are almost the same in the means of authoritarian rule, but differ greatly in their position of "help" to foreign countries. However, it is the position and attitude of Little Balevi, which is different from Reza Khan, that leaves an attack on the Iranian people, which makes the Balevi dynasty finally go to the abyss of irrevocable destruction.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K373

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