十九世纪下半叶俄国东方政策形成研究
发布时间：2019-06-22 15:17
【摘要】：俄国在克里米亚战争的惨败，使沙俄失去了多年来拥有的欧洲反动势力首脑地位，黑海中立，沙俄在巴尔干地区也由战略扩张被迫转为战略防守。尤其是普法战争后，欧洲形成均势，国际矛盾的焦点转移至亚洲。为了满足国内资产阶级扩大商品倾销市场和原料产地的要求，19世纪80年代，沙俄国内出现了一个主张加强对东方控制的所谓“东方派”，，不断鼓吹中国东北、朝鲜对俄国的重要性，叫嚣俄国要征服东方，乃至整个亚洲。因此，为补偿在近东遭受的损失，俄国开始改变对外政策的方向，不断向中亚，尤其是远东地区展开大举进攻。在中亚，俄国占领了浩罕、布哈拉和希瓦三汗国，势力深入阿富汗，严重威胁英属印度殖民地；在远东，俄国借英、法发动第二次鸦片战争之机，将势力深入中国黑龙江流域，并与日本围绕千岛群岛和库页岛展开激烈争夺。俄国对外战略越来越多地关注东方，历经亚历山大二世、亚历山大三世和尼古拉二世三代沙皇不断向远东推进，东方政策逐渐形成。19世纪末20世纪初，日本在远东的崛起以及列强对远东争夺的加剧，使俄国的战略重心完全转移到东方，并制定了“给西方以和平，给东方以战争”的战略方针。俄国与日本在中国东北和朝鲜的争夺，最终导致日俄战争的爆发。
[Abstract]:Russia's fiasco in the Crimean War deprived Russia of its position as head of European reactionary forces for many years, neutral in the Black Sea, and forced to switch from strategic expansion to strategic defense in the Balkans. Especially after the Franco-Prussian War, Europe formed a balance of power, and the focus of international contradictions shifted to Asia. In order to meet the requirements of the domestic bourgeoisie to expand the commodity dumping market and the origin of raw materials, in the 1880s, a so-called "oriental faction" advocated strengthening control over the east, constantly advocating the importance of northeast China and North Korea to Russia, and clamoring that Russia should conquer the east and even Asia as a whole. Therefore, in order to compensate for the losses suffered in the near East, Russia began to change the direction of its foreign policy and continue to attack Central Asia, especially the far East. In Central Asia, Russia occupied Haohan, Bukhara and Shiva, and went deep into Afghanistan and seriously threatened the British Indian colonies. In the far East, Russia took advantage of the second Opium War between Britain and France to deepen the Heilongjiang River Basin of China and compete fiercely with Japan over the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island. Russia's foreign strategy pays more and more attention to the east. After Alexander II, Alexander III and Nicholas II three generations of czars continue to advance to the far East, the eastern policy is gradually formed. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the rise of Japan in the far East and the intensification of the competition for the far East by the great powers completely shifted Russia's strategic focus to the east, and formulated the strategic policy of "giving peace to the West and war to the East." The competition between Russia and Japan in Northeast China and North Korea eventually led to the outbreak of the Japanese-Russian War.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K512
本文编号：2504700
[Abstract]:Russia's fiasco in the Crimean War deprived Russia of its position as head of European reactionary forces for many years, neutral in the Black Sea, and forced to switch from strategic expansion to strategic defense in the Balkans. Especially after the Franco-Prussian War, Europe formed a balance of power, and the focus of international contradictions shifted to Asia. In order to meet the requirements of the domestic bourgeoisie to expand the commodity dumping market and the origin of raw materials, in the 1880s, a so-called "oriental faction" advocated strengthening control over the east, constantly advocating the importance of northeast China and North Korea to Russia, and clamoring that Russia should conquer the east and even Asia as a whole. Therefore, in order to compensate for the losses suffered in the near East, Russia began to change the direction of its foreign policy and continue to attack Central Asia, especially the far East. In Central Asia, Russia occupied Haohan, Bukhara and Shiva, and went deep into Afghanistan and seriously threatened the British Indian colonies. In the far East, Russia took advantage of the second Opium War between Britain and France to deepen the Heilongjiang River Basin of China and compete fiercely with Japan over the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island. Russia's foreign strategy pays more and more attention to the east. After Alexander II, Alexander III and Nicholas II three generations of czars continue to advance to the far East, the eastern policy is gradually formed. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the rise of Japan in the far East and the intensification of the competition for the far East by the great powers completely shifted Russia's strategic focus to the east, and formulated the strategic policy of "giving peace to the West and war to the East." The competition between Russia and Japan in Northeast China and North Korea eventually led to the outbreak of the Japanese-Russian War.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K512
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