“雾气何能致人于死”——1930年比利时马斯河谷烟雾成灾问题探究
发布时间：2019-06-21 16:27
【摘要】：1930年12月初,比利时境内的马斯河谷发生一起烟雾事件,旋即造成60余人死亡,牲畜、鸟和田鼠中也出现病情和死亡现象。"雾气何能致人于死?"这一问题也曾困扰着比利时国内外的人们。通过比利时专家委员会的调查以及其他国家学者和工作人员的研究,可知马斯河谷烟雾成灾是人为排放和自然大雾共同作用的结果。由此可见,在工业文明的生产和生活状态下,人为排放的废气累积到一定的阈值并超过一方之人和其他物种承受的限度,一旦天气反常,遇逆温或大雾以至空气流动不畅时,"雾气致人于死"或"人死畜亡"就在所难免。马斯河谷烟雾事件被称为一次"特大的"或"罕见的"自然试验。这一"试验"表明,资源集中和丰富的地区在作为工业发展基地的同时,成为灾害严重的地区。其所折射出老工业基地的环境和生命健康问题具有普遍性。今天叙述这一事件发生的经过,探讨工业化与环境污染及其危害之间的普遍联系,以加深对工业化结果的理解,为当下我们预防和治理空气污染或雾霾问题提供历史资鉴。
[Abstract]:In early December 1930, there was a smoke incident in the Mas River Valley in Belgium, which immediately killed more than 60 people, as well as illness and death in livestock, birds and voles. "how can fog kill people?" This problem has also troubled people at home and abroad in Belgium. Through the investigation of the Belgian Committee of experts and the research of scholars and staff from other countries, it can be seen that the smoke disaster in the Maas Valley is the result of the combination of man-made emissions and natural fog. It can be seen that in the production and living conditions of industrial civilization, the man-made exhaust gas accumulates to a certain threshold and exceeds the limit borne by one person and other species. Once the weather is abnormal, when the temperature or fog is not smooth, it is inevitable that "fog causes death" or "death of man, death and animal". The Maas Valley smoke event is called a "mega" or "rare" natural experiment. This experiment shows that the area with concentrated and rich resources has become a serious disaster area while serving as an industrial development base. It reflects the universality of environmental and life and health problems in the old industrial base. This paper describes the occurrence of this event today, and probes into the general relationship between industrialization and environmental pollution and its harm, so as to deepen the understanding of the results of industrialization and provide a historical reference for us to prevent and control air pollution or haze problems at present.
【作者单位】： 清华大学历史系;《光明日报》总编室;
【分类号】：X51;K564.52
本文编号：2504213
[Abstract]:In early December 1930, there was a smoke incident in the Mas River Valley in Belgium, which immediately killed more than 60 people, as well as illness and death in livestock, birds and voles. "how can fog kill people?" This problem has also troubled people at home and abroad in Belgium. Through the investigation of the Belgian Committee of experts and the research of scholars and staff from other countries, it can be seen that the smoke disaster in the Maas Valley is the result of the combination of man-made emissions and natural fog. It can be seen that in the production and living conditions of industrial civilization, the man-made exhaust gas accumulates to a certain threshold and exceeds the limit borne by one person and other species. Once the weather is abnormal, when the temperature or fog is not smooth, it is inevitable that "fog causes death" or "death of man, death and animal". The Maas Valley smoke event is called a "mega" or "rare" natural experiment. This experiment shows that the area with concentrated and rich resources has become a serious disaster area while serving as an industrial development base. It reflects the universality of environmental and life and health problems in the old industrial base. This paper describes the occurrence of this event today, and probes into the general relationship between industrialization and environmental pollution and its harm, so as to deepen the understanding of the results of industrialization and provide a historical reference for us to prevent and control air pollution or haze problems at present.
【作者单位】： 清华大学历史系;《光明日报》总编室;
【分类号】：X51;K564.52
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