英国斯图亚特王朝中央政府与地方城市政治关系：1603-1688
发布时间：2019-06-30 20:06
【摘要】： 在从亨利八世宗教改革到16世纪80年代伊丽莎白一世统治的中晚期这段历史时期,英国中央政府为加强对地方城市社会的统治,采取分权政策,在地方广建自治城市。但从16世纪90年代开始,出于加强对自治城市政府控制的需要,中央政府对地方城市的统治政策开始由分权向集权过渡,这使得二者关系中相冲突的一面到17世纪斯图亚特王朝时期日益突出。从中央政府地方统治的角度看,斯图亚特王朝中央政府与地方城市政治关系大体上分权力结构和权力主体两个层次展开。在权力结构层次上,中央政府与地方城市政治关系以自治特许状为中心;在权力主体的层次上,两者关系则集中在地方市政官员效忠对象的取向上。 从地方城市的角度看,地方因素对中央政府与地方城市的政治关系也有着直接的影响,本文集中选取了城市地方主义和地方城市的主动性两个方面对此进行说明。上述两个不同角度的考察表明,英国斯图亚特王朝中央政府与地方自治城市政府政治关系的演进是中央与地方双重因素共同作用的结果。 尽管17世纪英国中央政府对地方城市政治控制的加强导致二者关系的紧张面相对突出,但这并不意味着二者之间存在着根本上的对立关系。中央与地方城市之间也存在着政治协调关系。对此,本文从三个方面进行论述,即约束民众政治的共同的现实需要、地方官员的国家意识和对中央政府的认同感以及地方贵族在城市与中央政府之间的政治调解作用。 通过上述考察,本文提出,对于中央政府而言,稳定地方统治的关键不在于确立对地方城市的绝对控制,而在于保持与地方城市之权力关系的适当均衡和中央与地方因素的有效结合。在17世纪斯图亚特王朝统治之下的英国,由于中央政府地方统治手段的有限性,这也就意味着地方精英对中央与地方城市政治关系积极和主动的参与。近代早期英国民族国家中央与地方社会一体化发展的关键即在于此。
[Abstract]:In the period of the middle and late period from the reformation of Henry VIII to the reign of Elizabeth I in the 1980s, the central government of the United Kingdom has adopted a decentralized policy to build an autonomous city in the local area in order to strengthen the rule of local urban society. But from the beginning of the 1990s, in order to strengthen the need for government control of the self-governing city, the central government began to transition from the power of power to the centralization of the local city, which made the conflict between the two relations become more and more prominent in the 17 th century. From the point of view of the central government's local rule, the political relationship between the central government of the Stuart dynasty and the local city is divided into two levels: the power structure and the power main body. At the level of power structure, the political relations between the central government and the local city are centered on the self-government, and at the level of the power subject, the relationship between the central government and the local city is focused on the orientation of the loyalty of the local municipal officials. From the point of view of the local city, the local factors have a direct impact on the political relations between the central government and the local cities, and the paper focuses on the two aspects of the city's regionalism and the initiative of the local city. The study of the two different angles shows that the evolution of the political relations between the central government and the local self-government is the central and local double factor. The result of the same effect. Although the strengthening of the political control of the local city by the central government in the 17th century has led to the relative protrusion of the tension between the two, it does not mean that both There's a fundamentally opposite relationship. It's central and local. There is also a political coordination relationship between the cities. In this context, the paper discusses three aspects, namely, the common reality of the restraint of the people's politics, the national consciousness of the local officials and the identity of the central government, and the local nobles in the city and the city. Through the above-mentioned investigation, the key to the stability of local rule in the central government is to establish the absolute control of the local city, and to maintain the power of the local city. The proper balance of relations and the effective combination of the central and local factors. The active and active participation of the central and local urban political relations.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K561.33
本文编号：2508214
[Abstract]:In the period of the middle and late period from the reformation of Henry VIII to the reign of Elizabeth I in the 1980s, the central government of the United Kingdom has adopted a decentralized policy to build an autonomous city in the local area in order to strengthen the rule of local urban society. But from the beginning of the 1990s, in order to strengthen the need for government control of the self-governing city, the central government began to transition from the power of power to the centralization of the local city, which made the conflict between the two relations become more and more prominent in the 17 th century. From the point of view of the central government's local rule, the political relationship between the central government of the Stuart dynasty and the local city is divided into two levels: the power structure and the power main body. At the level of power structure, the political relations between the central government and the local city are centered on the self-government, and at the level of the power subject, the relationship between the central government and the local city is focused on the orientation of the loyalty of the local municipal officials. From the point of view of the local city, the local factors have a direct impact on the political relations between the central government and the local cities, and the paper focuses on the two aspects of the city's regionalism and the initiative of the local city. The study of the two different angles shows that the evolution of the political relations between the central government and the local self-government is the central and local double factor. The result of the same effect. Although the strengthening of the political control of the local city by the central government in the 17th century has led to the relative protrusion of the tension between the two, it does not mean that both There's a fundamentally opposite relationship. It's central and local. There is also a political coordination relationship between the cities. In this context, the paper discusses three aspects, namely, the common reality of the restraint of the people's politics, the national consciousness of the local officials and the identity of the central government, and the local nobles in the city and the city. Through the above-mentioned investigation, the key to the stability of local rule in the central government is to establish the absolute control of the local city, and to maintain the power of the local city. The proper balance of relations and the effective combination of the central and local factors. The active and active participation of the central and local urban political relations.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K561.33
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 孙宏伟;论英国地方自治的发展与变革[D];青海民族大学;2011年
，本文编号：2508214
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