英属北美殖民地白人契约工的形成及特点探析（1607-1775）

发布时间：2019-07-09 14:32

【摘要】： 北美殖民地时代的白人契约工,是特定历史条件下产生的特殊移民群体,也是殖民地早期移民的重要组成部分,他们在北美殖民地的开发与建设中起到了极其重要的作用。本文试图对该特殊移民群体的概念界定、出现、发展、形成、群体特点及其对北美殖民地的影响进行初步的分析与研究,希冀可以对北美早期研究提供借鉴和补充。本文分为三部分:引言、正文和结语。正文又包括三部分。引言部分,主要介绍本文的选题依据、国内外研究状况、研究方法、写作目的和不足之处等。正文由三部分组成: 第一部分,着重对白人契约工的概念进行界定,并从其制度的历史沿革、产生的时代背景和来自的社会阶层,以及他们在北美殖民地的法律地位和社会地位五方面来论证该移民的“非奴隶”特征。第二部分,以“推拉理论”分析了白人契约工移民的原因,并介绍了其移民潮在北美殖民地的兴起与衰落的历程。随着种植园规模的不断扩大,殖民地对白人契约工劳动力数量需求增大,由此导致17世纪后半叶契约工移民潮的兴起与发展;后来,黑人奴隶取代白人契约工成为种植园的主要劳动力,致使该移民潮衰退,并出现了新的特点。第三部分,以英国白人契约工为例,重点分析该移民群体的年龄、性别、移入地和季节性特点。契约工移民的年龄主要集中在15-25岁,以青壮年为主;契约工移民男女性别比例失调,以男性为主;契约工在空间上表现为移居地相对集中,不同地区不同时期集中相对存在;契约工移民在时间上表现为季节性特点,各个月份移民状况不同。结语部分总结全文,指出白人契约工移民与奴隶的不同,并简要评析了他们对于美利坚民族形成和北美早期开发的重要意义。
[Abstract]:The white contractors in the colonial era of North America were not only a special group of immigrants under specific historical conditions, but also an important part of the early immigrants of the colonies. They played an extremely important role in the development and construction of colonies in North America. This paper attempts to make a preliminary analysis and study of the concept, emergence, development, formation, group characteristics and its influence on the colonies of North America, hoping to provide reference and supplement for the early study of North America. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion. The main body consists of three parts. The introduction mainly introduces the basis of this paper, research status at home and abroad, research methods, writing purpose and shortcomings, and so on. The main body consists of three parts: the first part focuses on defining the concept of white contractual workers, and demonstrates the "non-slave" characteristics of the immigrants from five aspects: the historical evolution of their system, the background of the times and the social strata from which they came from, as well as their legal and social status in the North American colonies. The second part, with the "push-pull theory", analyzes the reasons for the emigration of white contractual workers, and introduces the rise and decline of the wave of immigrants in the North American colonies. With the continuous expansion of the scale of the plantation, the colonial demand for the number of white contractual workers increased, which led to the rise and development of the migration tide of the contract workers in the second half of the 17th century. Later, black slaves replaced the white contractual workers as the main labor force of the plantations, resulting in the decline of the migration tide and the emergence of new characteristics. The third part, taking the British white contractor as an example, focuses on the age, gender, immigration and seasonal characteristics of the migrant group. The age of contract worker migration is mainly 15 times 25 years old, mainly young and middle-aged people; the gender ratio of contract worker immigration is imbalance between men and women, mainly male; the contract worker is relatively concentrated in space, and exists relatively in different regions and different periods; the contract worker migration is seasonal in time, and the immigration situation is different in each month. The conclusion summarizes the full text, points out the differences between white contractor immigrants and slaves, and briefly comments on their significance for the formation of the American nation and the early development of North America.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K712.5

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