1890至1912年日本军费政策研究

发布时间：2019-07-09 18:00

【摘要】：本文主要研究1890年至1912年,大约明治时代后二十二年的军费政策。探讨了日本军费政策在和平时期与战争时期的内容与特点,揭示了军费政策与国家发展的关系。军事力量发展需要考虑国家总体经济实力和国家外部安全环境,日本通过制订或调整军费政策,从而协调军事力量发展的速度与方向。明治政府建立伊始就处于战争状态,为获得战争胜利而制订军费政策。随着日本国内经济与国家战略的发展,日本将军费政策调整为高投入状态。在这一背景下,日本的军费政策选择了为其军事力量发展提供较大提前量的方式,其预算制度为国防系统提供相对稳定和相对充足的财政投入。明治宪法颁布后,日本构建了明治后期的军费政策,具体表现为在军费体系中具备了成熟的法律体系、预算制度和组织机构。在和平时期,军费政策从属于国家财政制度,由大藏省、陆军省、海军省会同领导,通过日本银行进行调拨。在战争时期,军费政策是以政府创设配套的战时运营机制为基础,将和平时期军费政策转为战争时期军费政策。具体表现为以设立临时军事费特别会计为手段,通过公债、借款、税收、军票等措施,将各种财源集中用于战时军费。明治后期的军费政策,一方面提升了日本的军事实力,确保了日本获得对外战争的胜利;另一方面妨碍了日本经济的健康发展,强化了日本军国主义在国家的支配地位。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the military policy from 1890 to 1912, about 22 years after the Meiji era. This paper probes into the contents and characteristics of Japan's military expenditure policy in peacetime and war, and reveals the relationship between military expenditure policy and national development. The development of military power needs to consider the overall economic strength of the country and the external security environment of the country. Japan coordinates the speed and direction of the development of military force by formulating or adjusting its military expenditure policy. The Meiji government was in a state of war from the beginning of its establishment, and formulated a military policy to win the war. With the development of Japan's domestic economy and national strategy, Japan's general expenditure policy has been adjusted to a state of high investment. In this context, Japan's military policy has chosen to provide a large advance for the development of its military forces, and its budget system provides relatively stable and relatively sufficient financial input for the national defense system. After the promulgation of Meiji Constitution, Japan constructed the military expenditure policy in the later Meiji period, which was embodied in the mature legal system, budget system and organizational structure in the military expenditure system. In peacetime, the military expenditure policy is subordinate to the national financial system, and is allocated through the Bank of Japan under the leadership of the provinces of Tibet, the army, and the navy. In the war period, the military expenditure policy is based on the government to create the supporting war operation mechanism, and changes the peacetime military expenditure policy into the war military expenditure policy. The special accounting for temporary military expenses is used as a means to concentrate all kinds of financial resources on military expenditure in war through measures such as public debt, borrowing, taxation, military tickets and so on. The military expenditure policy in the late Meiji period, on the one hand, enhanced Japan's military strength and ensured Japan's victory in foreign war; on the other hand, it hindered the healthy development of Japan's economy and strengthened the dominant position of Japanese militarism in the country.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K313.4

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