高积极情感个体对不同效价情绪刺激的注意偏向

发布时间：2018-06-16 13:07

本文选题：情感风格 + 积极情感　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：情感风格是人格结构中稳定的情绪反应模式,它表现为不同个体在情绪反应和情绪调节整体模式上稳定、一贯的差异,深刻地影响着个体的认知、人格及心理社会适应。特质情感包括积极情感和消极情感,属于情感风格中的情感因素。高积极情感个体频繁地体验到积极情绪,具有较高水平的身心健康水平和更多良好的社会适应行为。情绪广泛地影响着个体认知加工和外在行为,优先注意负性、威胁性刺激对于个体的生存和适应具有重要意义,而异常的注意模式却成为导致心理疾病及情绪障碍产生、维持和复发的原因。注意偏向成为衡量个体心理健康水平的重要指标。以往的文献主要探究临床、亚临床群体对于负性刺激的注意偏向,而对正常个体尤其是高积极情感个体在注意上如何区别于临床、亚临床个体,如何维持积极情绪、保持身心健康等考察较少。特质一致性假设得到高乐观和高外倾个体的注意偏向研究的验证,即个体处理信息的方式受自身人格特质的情感效价影响,个体倾向于用与自己特质相一致的方式处理信息。因此,本研究旨在探讨不同特质情感对注意偏向的影响,尤其是高积极情感个体对不同效价情绪刺激的注意偏向的特点及其产生机制,藉此为信息加工的心理倾向性提供证据。本研究使用正性情感和负性情感检核表筛选出高积极情感个体、高消极情感个体和一般个体三类被试,以汉语情绪词和国际标准情绪图片为实验材料,在传统点探测范式的基础上加入中性刺激对,以此来探讨不同特质情感个体的注意偏向的特点及其产生机制,并在此基础上对特质一致性假设进行验证。实验一考察在情绪词汇条件下,高积极情感组(26人)、一般组(25人)和高消极情感组(25人)被试在注意偏向上的差异。实验二使用更直观、更具生态效度、情绪强度更大的情绪图片,考察高积极情感组(24人)、一般组(27人)和高消极情感组(25人)被试对不同情绪效价图片的注意偏向。研究结果：1)不同特质情感类型的正常被试对情绪词没有表现出注意偏向,而对不同效价的情绪图片存在不同情况的注意偏向；2)高消极情感个体存在对正、负性情绪图片的注意回避；3)一般个体不存在对情绪词和情绪图片的注意偏向；4)高积极情感个体存在对正性图片的注意解除延缓,注意回避负性图片。综上所述,本研究表明不同情感风格个体对不同效价情绪刺激的认知加工在空间注意上呈现不同的特点,对情绪刺激的注意偏向部分证实了特质一致性假设,对正性刺激的注意解除延缓可能是高积极情感个体拥有更多的积极情绪体验、更高的心理健康水平和社会适应良好的保障机制。
[Abstract]:Affective style is a stable emotional response mode in personality structure. It shows that different individuals are stable and consistent in the overall mode of emotional response and emotion regulation, which has a profound impact on individual cognition, personality and psycho-social adaptation. Idiosyncratic emotion includes positive emotion and negative emotion, which is an emotional factor in emotional style. The individuals with high positive emotion experience positive emotion frequently and have higher level of physical and mental health and more good social adaptation behavior. Emotion widely affects individual cognitive processing and external behavior, giving priority to negativity. Threatening stimulation is of great significance for individual survival and adaptation, while abnormal attention patterns lead to mental illness and emotional disorders. Causes of maintenance and recurrence. Attention bias is an important index to measure the level of individual mental health. Previous literature has mainly explored the clinical, subclinical groups' attention bias to negative stimuli, and how to distinguish the attention of normal individuals, especially those with high positive emotions, from the clinical, subclinical individuals, and how to maintain positive emotions. There are few investigations to maintain physical and mental health. The hypothesis of trait consistency is verified by the study of attention bias of highly optimistic and extroverted individuals, that is, the way individuals process information is influenced by their own emotional potency of personality traits, and individuals tend to process information in a manner consistent with their own characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the effects of different trait emotions on attention bias, especially the characteristics and mechanism of attention bias of individuals with high positive emotion to different titer emotional stimuli, so as to provide evidence for the psychological tendency of information processing. In this study, positive and negative emotion checklists were used to screen out high positive emotion individuals, high negative emotion individuals and general individuals. Chinese emotion words and international standard emotion pictures were used as experimental materials. On the basis of the traditional point detection paradigm, neutral stimulus pairs are added to explore the characteristics and mechanism of attention bias of individuals with different trait emotions, and on this basis to verify the hypothesis of trait consistency. The first experiment examined the differences in attention bias between the high positive emotion group (26 persons) and the high negative emotion group (25 subjects) under the condition of emotional vocabulary (n = 26) and the high negative emotion group (n = 25). In the second experiment, we used more intuitive, more ecological validity and stronger emotional intensity pictures, and investigated the attention bias of the high positive emotion group (24 people), the general group (27 people) and the high negative emotion group (25 people) to the different emotion titer pictures. Results: (1) normal subjects with different trait affective types did not show attention bias to emotional words, while those with different titers showed different attention bias. 2) individuals with high negative emotion had positive effects. Attention avoidance of negative emotional Pictures (3) there is no bias of attention to emotion words and emotional pictures in general) the attention of individuals with high positive emotions is delayed and negative pictures are avoided. To sum up, the present study shows that the cognitive processing of emotion stimulation with different emotional styles shows different characteristics in spatial attention, and the attention bias to emotional stimulation partly confirms the hypothesis of trait consistency. It may be that the individual with high positive emotion has more positive emotional experience, higher level of mental health and better social adaptation mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.2

【参考文献】