新型变轨距转向架动力学性能研究

发布时间：2018-08-07 12:31

【摘要】：随着经济的快速发展,我国与世界各国之间的物资运输日益增多,铁路由于其安全、快捷、轻污染等特性广受青睐。但以周边朝鲜、蒙古、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦等国家为例,其中仅朝鲜使用准轨,其余国家的轨距与我国均不同,这一问题为我国的国际联运和"一带一路"的建设带来了巨大障碍。与国外相比,我国对于变轨距转向架的研究还停留在理论阶段,截止到目前还没有在线路上运营的实际产品。目前,为实现车辆在不同轨距线路上的直通运行,只能采用更换转向架或者轮对的方式解决这一问题,但是这种方式不仅大大降低了铁路运输的效率,而且会导致运输成本的提高。为解决这一难题,铁道部于2001年专门针对变轨距转向架进行了立项研究,并且科技部于2016年也提出将变轨距转向架作为重大专项进行研究,生产和研制适合我国国情的变轨距转向架已刻不容缓。本文在分析和学习国外现有变轨距转向架关键技术的情况下,针对本文选用的独立旋转车轮设计了轮对的锁紧机构,基于变轨距轮对的结构形式,提出了一套能够与之配合的地面变轨装置,并对其工作原理进行了阐述。由于独立旋转车轮存在直线上无法对中并且曲线上导向能力不足的问题,本文在独立旋转车轮变轨距转向架的结构基础上添加了导向机构,为了研究迫导向机构对转向架动力学性能的影响,分别在SIMAPCK软件中建立了独立旋转车轮变轨距转向架车辆模型及采用迫导向机构的独立旋转车轮变轨距转向架车辆模型,基于UIC-518和《200km/h及以上速度级电动车组动力学性能试验鉴定方法及评定标准》,比较了两种转向架在1435mm轨距线路上的直线运行稳定性、平稳性和曲线通过性能等指标的差异,并且简要分析了造成转向架动力学性能不同的原因。计算结果表明,采用迫导向机构的独立旋转车轮变轨距转向架动力学性能较优。为了确保设计的变轨距转向架具有更优的动力学性能,分别对转向架的一系转臂节点纵向刚度、一系转臂节点横向刚度、一系垂向阻尼、二系垂向阻尼、二系横向阻尼、二系横向刚度、迫导向机构的实际导向增益进行了优化,并选取了合理的参数。根据优化后的参数对变轨距转向架在1435mm和1520mm轨距线路上的动力学性能进行了预测分析,计算结果表明车辆的各项动力学指标满足上述标准的相关要求,车辆不仅可以在直线上以较高的速度运行,同时也具有较好的曲线通过能力。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the transportation of goods between China and other countries is increasing day by day. Railway is favored for its characteristics of safety, speed and light pollution. But take neighboring countries such as North Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan and other countries as examples. Among them, only North Korea uses quasi-rail, while the other countries have different gauge with China. This problem has brought great obstacles to the international intermodal transport and the construction of Belt and Road in our country. Compared with foreign countries, the research on the gauge change bogie in our country is still in the theoretical stage, and there is no actual product running on the line up to now. At present, in order to realize the straight-through operation of vehicles on different track gauge lines, the only way to solve this problem is to change bogies or wheelsets, but this way not only reduces the efficiency of railway transportation, but also reduces the efficiency of railway transportation. And it will lead to higher transportation costs. In order to solve this problem, the Ministry of Railways carried out a research on the bogie with variable gauge in 2001, and in 2016, the Ministry of Science and Technology also proposed that the variable gauge bogie should be studied as a major item. It is urgent to produce and develop the variable gauge bogie suitable for our country. Based on the analysis and study of the key technologies of the existing variable gauge bogies abroad, the locking mechanism of the wheelset is designed for the independent rotating wheels selected in this paper, based on the structural form of the variable gauge wheelsets. In this paper, a set of ground orbit changing device which can cooperate with it is put forward and its working principle is expounded. Because the independent rotating wheel is unable to center on the straight line and the guide ability on the curve is insufficient, this paper adds the guide mechanism to the structure of the independent rotating wheel variable gauge bogie. In order to study the influence of forced steering mechanism on the dynamic performance of bogie, the vehicle model of independent rotating wheel variable gauge bogie and independent rotating wheel variable gauge bogie with forced steering mechanism were established in SIMAPCK software, respectively. Based on UIC-518 and < 200km/h and above speed stage EMU dynamic performance test appraisal method and evaluation standard, this paper compares the difference of linear running stability, smoothness and curve passing performance of two bogies on 1435mm track gauge line. The reasons for the different dynamic performance of bogies are also briefly analyzed. The calculation results show that the dynamic performance of the independent rotating wheel variable gauge bogie with forced steering mechanism is better. In order to ensure that the designed variable gauge bogie has better dynamic performance, the longitudinal stiffness, transverse stiffness, vertical damping and transverse damping are respectively applied to the joint of the first arm of the bogie, the transverse stiffness of the joint of the arm of the system, and the lateral damping of the second system. The transverse stiffness of the second system and the actual guide gain of the forced steering mechanism are optimized, and reasonable parameters are selected. According to the optimized parameters, the dynamic performance of the variable gauge bogie on the track of 1435mm and 1520mm is predicted and analyzed. The calculation results show that the dynamic indexes of the vehicle meet the requirements of the above standards. The vehicle not only can run at a higher speed in a straight line, but also has a better curve passing ability.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U270.33

【参考文献】