陕西省外商直接投资的环境效应研究
发布时间：2018-12-15 13:59
【摘要】：随着我国对外开放步伐的加快和贸易格局的优化,稳定增长的经济形势,丰富的劳动力和资本资源以及完善的基础设施建设和各种政策的支持,都吸引着大量的外商资本进入我国。然而外资的流入,加剧了我国自然资源的消耗,导致污染排放量加剧,引起空气质量下降,尤其雾霾天气的加剧,使得环境压力加大。陕西省作为古丝绸之路的起点,也是新欧亚大陆桥的重要枢纽,也因“一带一路”战略处于丝绸之路经济带重要节点的前沿位置,这必将增强陕西省对外资企业的吸引能力,而外商直接投资将进一步助力陕西省经济发展。本文将从外商直接投资的环境效应出发,研究分析对陕西省环境造成的影响,为今后陕西省在招商引资过程中更加注重环境问题、真正实现绿色经济的发展提供建议。在总结国内外学者相关研究的基础上,本文分析了外商直接投资影响环境不同路径下的作用机理,影响机制主要表现在以下三个方面:规模效应、结构效应以及技术效应。外资的引入、资本的扩大可以使得东道国经济规模生产扩大,促进当地经济发展。然而经济的快速扩张势必增加资源的消耗,加剧环境污染。与此同时,人民生活水平的提高,环保意识的增强,对环境质量的诉求提高,有利于环境污染的改善;外商企业投资在各个产业份额占比不同,具有一定的产业倾向性,这就影响了东道国的产业结构,从而影响了环境;外资的技术效应能够带动内资企业甚至整个行业的发展,也有利于内企进行生产方式和管理的变革创新,升级降污设备,改善环境质量。通过对陕西省外商直接投资以及环境污染状况分析可知,陕西省外商直接投资发展较快且规模不断扩大,但与全国其他省市相比,整体规模和总量仍然偏小。外资企业投资第一、第三产业的比重较小,主要集中在第二产业,外资在进行投资选择时具有一定的污染行业倾向性,使得产业结构严重失衡,加剧了污染物的排放。本文运用陕西省各地市区的面板数据进行实证分析,一方面检验了陕西省外商直接投资的环境库兹涅茨曲线效应,另一方面分析了外商直接投资的环境效应。实证结果表明,外资的引进使得陕西省环境二次曲线上移,加大了对环境的威胁;FDI的增加导致了工业废气和工业废水排放量不同程度的增加,加重了陕西省环境污染。基于上述分析,本文提出以下政策建议,以期陕西省在引资发展经济的过程中,不断改善环境问题。首先,调整引资发展战略,坚持可持续发展理念,转变经济发展观念,建立绿色GDP评价体系,加大对环境污染问题的重视;加大引资力度,优化外资结构,促进产业结构升级,提升外资在第三产业的比重。其次,提高外资准入门槛,不以牺牲环境为代价,杜绝高污染行业进入,在扩大外资数量的同时更注重引资的质量。再次,提升地区吸收消化能力,更好的发挥外资的技术溢出效应,进一步发挥先进技术对环境的积极作用。最后,落实配套的环境保护制度,加强环境监管力度,积极发挥政府、企业和民间组织的合力作用,增强环保意识,促进经济环境健康和谐发展。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the pace of opening to the outside world and the optimization of the trade pattern, the steady growth of the economic situation, the abundant labor and capital resources, and the perfect infrastructure construction and the support of various policies, attract a great deal of foreign capital into our country. However, the inflow of foreign capital has increased the consumption of natural resources in our country, resulting in the increase of the pollution discharge, which caused the decrease of air quality, especially the increase of the haze weather, so that the environmental pressure is increased. As the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, Shaanxi Province is also an important hub of the new Eurasia continental bridge, and it is also the leading position of the important node of the economic belt of the Silk Road in the one-way strategy, which will enhance the attraction of Shaanxi to the foreign-capital enterprise. Foreign direct investment will further boost Shaanxi's economic development. Based on the environmental effects of foreign direct investment, this paper studies the influence of the analysis on the environment in Shaanxi Province, and provides some suggestions for the development of the green economy. On the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign scholars' relevant research, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the influence of foreign direct investment on the different path of the environment, and the influence mechanism mainly shows the following three aspects: scale effect, structure effect and technical effect. The introduction of foreign capital and the expansion of capital can expand the production of the host country and promote the development of the local economy. However, the rapid expansion of economy will increase the consumption of resources and increase the environmental pollution. At the same time, the improvement of the living standard of the people, the enhancement of the environmental awareness, the improvement of the demand for environmental quality and the improvement of the environmental pollution, the investment of foreign enterprises in the various industries is different, and has a certain industrial tendency, which has affected the industrial structure of the host country, so as to influence the environment, and the technical effect of the foreign capital can drive the development of the domestic enterprises and even the whole industry, and also is beneficial to the change of the production mode and the management of the internal enterprises, the upgrading of the pollution-reducing equipment and the improvement of the environmental quality. Through the analysis of the foreign direct investment and the environmental pollution in Shaanxi Province, the development of foreign direct investment in Shaanxi province is fast and the scale is expanding, but the overall scale and the total amount are still small compared with the other provinces and cities in the country. The investment of the foreign-capital enterprise is the first, the proportion of the tertiary industry is small, mainly in the second industry, the foreign capital has a certain pollution industry tendency in the investment selection, so that the industrial structure is seriously unbalanced, and the emission of the pollutants is increased. The paper makes an empirical analysis of the panel data in the urban areas of Shaanxi Province. On the one hand, the environmental Kuznets curve effect of foreign direct investment in Shaanxi province is verified, and the environmental effects of foreign direct investment are also analyzed. The empirical results show that the introduction of foreign capital has caused the environmental secondary curve of Shaanxi to move up, and the threat to the environment is increased; the increase of FDI has led to the increase of the emission of industrial waste gas and industrial waste water, and the environmental pollution in Shaanxi Province has been aggravated. Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations, with a view to improving the environmental problems in the process of the development of economy in Shaanxi Province. First, to adjust the development strategy, to adhere to the concept of sustainable development, to change the concept of economic development, to set up a green GDP evaluation system, to increase the attention to the problem of environmental pollution, to increase the investment, to optimize the structure of foreign investment, to promote the upgrading of the industrial structure and to increase the specific gravity of the foreign capital in the tertiary industry. Second, to raise the threshold of foreign investment, to avoid the cost of the sacrifice of the environment, to put an end to the entry of high-polluting industries, and to pay more attention to the quality of foreign capital while expanding the amount of foreign capital. Thirdly, to improve the absorption and digestion capacity of the region, to give full play to the technology spillover effect of the foreign capital, and to further play an active role in the environment by the advanced technology. Finally, implement the supporting environmental protection system, strengthen the environmental supervision, and actively play the combined effect of the government, the enterprise and the civil society, strengthen the environmental protection consciousness and promote the healthy and harmonious development of the economic environment.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.6
本文编号：2380781
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the pace of opening to the outside world and the optimization of the trade pattern, the steady growth of the economic situation, the abundant labor and capital resources, and the perfect infrastructure construction and the support of various policies, attract a great deal of foreign capital into our country. However, the inflow of foreign capital has increased the consumption of natural resources in our country, resulting in the increase of the pollution discharge, which caused the decrease of air quality, especially the increase of the haze weather, so that the environmental pressure is increased. As the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, Shaanxi Province is also an important hub of the new Eurasia continental bridge, and it is also the leading position of the important node of the economic belt of the Silk Road in the one-way strategy, which will enhance the attraction of Shaanxi to the foreign-capital enterprise. Foreign direct investment will further boost Shaanxi's economic development. Based on the environmental effects of foreign direct investment, this paper studies the influence of the analysis on the environment in Shaanxi Province, and provides some suggestions for the development of the green economy. On the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign scholars' relevant research, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the influence of foreign direct investment on the different path of the environment, and the influence mechanism mainly shows the following three aspects: scale effect, structure effect and technical effect. The introduction of foreign capital and the expansion of capital can expand the production of the host country and promote the development of the local economy. However, the rapid expansion of economy will increase the consumption of resources and increase the environmental pollution. At the same time, the improvement of the living standard of the people, the enhancement of the environmental awareness, the improvement of the demand for environmental quality and the improvement of the environmental pollution, the investment of foreign enterprises in the various industries is different, and has a certain industrial tendency, which has affected the industrial structure of the host country, so as to influence the environment, and the technical effect of the foreign capital can drive the development of the domestic enterprises and even the whole industry, and also is beneficial to the change of the production mode and the management of the internal enterprises, the upgrading of the pollution-reducing equipment and the improvement of the environmental quality. Through the analysis of the foreign direct investment and the environmental pollution in Shaanxi Province, the development of foreign direct investment in Shaanxi province is fast and the scale is expanding, but the overall scale and the total amount are still small compared with the other provinces and cities in the country. The investment of the foreign-capital enterprise is the first, the proportion of the tertiary industry is small, mainly in the second industry, the foreign capital has a certain pollution industry tendency in the investment selection, so that the industrial structure is seriously unbalanced, and the emission of the pollutants is increased. The paper makes an empirical analysis of the panel data in the urban areas of Shaanxi Province. On the one hand, the environmental Kuznets curve effect of foreign direct investment in Shaanxi province is verified, and the environmental effects of foreign direct investment are also analyzed. The empirical results show that the introduction of foreign capital has caused the environmental secondary curve of Shaanxi to move up, and the threat to the environment is increased; the increase of FDI has led to the increase of the emission of industrial waste gas and industrial waste water, and the environmental pollution in Shaanxi Province has been aggravated. Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations, with a view to improving the environmental problems in the process of the development of economy in Shaanxi Province. First, to adjust the development strategy, to adhere to the concept of sustainable development, to change the concept of economic development, to set up a green GDP evaluation system, to increase the attention to the problem of environmental pollution, to increase the investment, to optimize the structure of foreign investment, to promote the upgrading of the industrial structure and to increase the specific gravity of the foreign capital in the tertiary industry. Second, to raise the threshold of foreign investment, to avoid the cost of the sacrifice of the environment, to put an end to the entry of high-polluting industries, and to pay more attention to the quality of foreign capital while expanding the amount of foreign capital. Thirdly, to improve the absorption and digestion capacity of the region, to give full play to the technology spillover effect of the foreign capital, and to further play an active role in the environment by the advanced technology. Finally, implement the supporting environmental protection system, strengthen the environmental supervision, and actively play the combined effect of the government, the enterprise and the civil society, strengthen the environmental protection consciousness and promote the healthy and harmonious development of the economic environment.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.6
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