中国对哈萨克斯坦直接投资问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 05:16

【摘要】：当前的世界正在经历一场典型的经济全球化及一体化的大变革。各国经济更加开放,相关合作也越来越多,各种各样的经济和政治发展过程对全球国家带来不同层次的影响,中国自1949年建国起便极力增强国家自身的综合经济实力,在近70年后的今天已经稳坐全球最大经济体之一。但中国作为全球人口最多的国家,自然资源却十分有限。相比之下,中亚地区国家的天然资源则十分丰富。其中,与中国新疆接壤的哈萨克斯坦的经济开放度相对最高、实力最强、发展最快,其在“一带一路”战略中是连接亚欧国家的关键枢纽。哈萨克斯坦与中国建交于1993年,此后两国经贸合作越发密切,尤其是中国对哈萨克斯坦的投资力度在显著增大。哈萨克斯坦寻求与中国的友好经贸合作对推动其国内经济发展也极有益处。总的来说,哈萨克斯坦与中国建立长期友好的经贸合作对双方经贸发展均十分有利。因此,对中哈经贸关系中的中国对哈萨克斯坦的直接投资问题的研究自然就具有重要意义。基于相关的理论研究和遵循一定的原则,本文通过文献研究法和比较研究法首先对中国对哈萨克斯坦直接投现状进行了分析,结果表明:因为目前哈萨克斯坦的经济情况不稳定,两国的发展现状可以阐述为两国的投资数量降低。2015年中国对哈萨克斯坦的直接投资为4.427亿美元,比2014年减少了76.2%,而比2012年的24.14亿美元减少了81.7%。中国寻求与哈萨克斯坦之间的友好合作与共同发展符合“一带一路”的方针,具有非凡的意义,对两国的发展均有很大的好处。其次,运用案例分析法对存在的问题进行了分析,结果表明:在这个投资道路上两个国家遇到一些问题。由于哈萨克斯坦与其他中亚国家一样是很多国家的战略合作对象,比如俄罗斯,荷兰,土耳其,美国,阿拉伯国家等,因而中国目前对哈的投资总额并不算很高;此外哈萨克斯坦国内基础设施建设水平仍相对落后,因此其投资环境仍不完善;20世纪90年代进口商提供质量低劣的产品或者假冒产品,因此对中国的产品进入有影响;10年前的经济危机及2年前的坚戈汇率自由浮动使得哈萨克斯坦不得不选择改革来稳定其经济局势和其他问题。再次,针对提及的现有问题,重点分析了这些问题发生的原因,重点研究哈萨克斯坦国内政治、经济和法律不稳定导致中国对哈萨克斯坦直接投资存在问题的原因。结果表明:主要原因包括腐败,哈萨克斯坦立法体系薄弱,投资分配不均衡等。最后,得出结论并说明问题,而提出政治,经济和立法对策和建议。
[Abstract]:The current world is undergoing a typical economic globalization and integration of the major changes. The economies of various countries are more open, and the related cooperation is also increasing. Various economic and political development processes have brought about different levels of influence on global countries. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, China has made great efforts to strengthen the comprehensive economic strength of the country itself. Today, nearly 70 years later, it is one of the world's largest economies. But China, the world's most populous country, has limited natural resources. By contrast, the countries of Central Asia are rich in natural resources. Kazakhstan, which borders China's Xinjiang region, has the highest degree of economic openness, the strongest and fastest growth, and is the key link between Asia and Europe in the "Belt and Road" strategy. Since Kazakhstan established diplomatic relations with China in 1993, economic and trade cooperation between the two countries has become more and more close, especially as China's investment in Kazakhstan has increased significantly. Kazakhstan's pursuit of friendly economic and trade cooperation with China is also beneficial to its domestic economic development. Generally speaking, the establishment of long-term and friendly economic and trade cooperation between Kazakhstan and China is very beneficial to the economic and trade development of both sides. Therefore, it is of great significance to study China's direct investment in Kazakhstan in the economic and trade relations between China and Kazakhstan. Based on the relevant theoretical research and following certain principles, this paper first analyzes the current situation of China's direct investment in Kazakhstan through literature research and comparative research. The results show that because of the current unstable economic situation in Kazakhstan, the current development of the two countries can be described as a decrease in the amount of investment between the two countries. In 2015, China's direct investment in Kazakhstan was $442.7 million. That's 76. 2 percent less than in 2014 and 81. 7 percent less than $2.414 billion in 2012. China's pursuit of friendly cooperation and common development with Kazakhstan conforms to the policy of "Belt and Road" and is of great significance to the development of both countries. Secondly, the paper analyzes the existing problems by case analysis, and the results show that the two countries encounter some problems in this investment path. Since Kazakhstan, like other Central Asian countries, is the target of many countries' strategic cooperation, such as Russia, the Netherlands, Turkey, the United States and Arab countries, the total amount of Chinese investment in Kazakhstan is not very high. In addition, the level of domestic infrastructure construction in Kazakhstan is still relatively backward, so its investment environment is still not perfect. In the 1990s, importers provided inferior quality products or counterfeit products, which had an impact on the entry of Chinese products. The economic crisis of 10 years ago and the free floating of the tenge two years ago forced Kazakhstan to opt for reforms to stabilize its economy and other problems. Thirdly, in view of the existing problems mentioned above, the causes of these problems are analyzed, and the reasons why the domestic political, economic and legal instability of Kazakhstan lead to the problems of China's direct investment in Kazakhstan are studied. The results show that the main causes include corruption, weak legislative system and uneven investment distribution in Kazakhstan. Finally, draw conclusions and explain the problem, and put forward political, economic and legislative countermeasures and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F125

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