论清代中药业的经营与贸易

发布时间：2018-01-01 02:32

本文关键词：论清代中药业的经营与贸易　出处：《郑州大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：历史悠久的中医是我国的四大国粹之一，与它源于一体的中药也受到国内外人士的关注，世界卫生组织称“中医药是世界传统医药的榜样”。中医药的发展道路从古到今是漫长的，经过长期发展积累，到了清代，我国封建社会药业发展处于繁盛时期。文章试从药业的国内发展和对外贸易情况加以分析探讨。国内药业市场逐渐趋于成熟，出现几大药市，如百泉(今河南辉县)，樟树(今江西清江樟树)，祁州(今河北安国)，禹州(今河南禹州)，药市制定了会规和章程，官府派人监督、负责贸易活动。这些药市在国内的药材贸易中担当重要角色。随着药材的不断采集，农业垦殖的扩张、林木等山地资源的开发，药材市场供不应求，于是药材种植大规模兴起；由于药材市场的成熟发展，商人对市场的经营通过药行、药号和药铺等机构进行，药业行会组织针对这些机构进行有效的管理。清时药材的内、外贸易也出现了不同，原来主要是朝贡贸易(官方贸易)，和民间贸易。两种形式在清代并存，，更侧重于民间贸易。国内贸易路线比前代有了进步，内地和西南各省，内地和沿海各省都有贸易往来，形成复杂的贸易网。药材对外贸易方式有直接贸易、转口贸易。这期间药物对外贸易的国家增多，药物出口数量多，药业经济效益可观。我国的中医药文化，通过药物交流得到广泛传播，如医药人员的交往和医药书籍的对外传播，同时国外的医药传入国内，丰富了我国的中医药宝库。
[Abstract]:A long history of traditional Chinese medicine is one of the four traditional Chinese medicine, and it is rooted in the development are paid attention by domestic and overseas WHO, said "TCM is the essence of the world traditional medicine". The development of Chinese medicine since ancient times is a long road, after a long period of development, to the Qing Dynasty, China's feudal pharmaceutical in the prosperous period of social development. This article tries to analyze from the domestic development of pharmaceutical industry and foreign trade.
The domestic pharmaceutical market has gradually become mature, appear a few big city of medicine, such as Baiquan (now Henan Huixian (now Jiangxi Qingjiang), camphor camphor), Qi State (now Hebei Anguo), Yuzhou (now Henan Yuzhou), drug formulated the rules and regulations, the government sent supervision, responsible for trade activities. The city of medicine play an important role in medicine trade in China. With the continuous acquisition of medicinal materials, agricultural expansion, the development of forest, mountain resources, medicine market demand, so the rise of large-scale planting; because the mature development of medicine market, taking on the market business by medicine, medicine and pharmacy, pharmaceutical and other institutions, the organization of these institutions for effective management.
Clear medicine, foreign trade also appeared, the original is the main tributary trade (official trade), and folk trade. Two kinds of forms in the Qing Dynasty coexist, focuses more on the folk trade. Domestic trade routes than previous generations have made progress, the mainland and the southwest provinces, there are trade between the mainland and the coastal province and the formation of complex trade network. Medicinal materials trade has direct trade, entrepot trade. During this period, foreign trade increased national drug, drug export quantity, pharmaceutical and considerable economic benefit.
The culture of Chinese medicine has been widely spread through drug communication, such as the communication between medical personnel and the dissemination of medical books. Meanwhile, the introduction of foreign medicine into China has enriched the treasure house of Chinese medicine.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K249

【引证文献】