论明代的战车与车营

发布时间：2018-03-10 04:28

本文选题：明代　切入点：战车与车营　出处：《江西师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 战车是中国古代传统的作战武器,至少从商代晚期开始,已开始出现在战场上,“车驰卒奔”的作战方式延续了一千余年。但自赵武灵王胡服骑射以来,骑兵日益发挥重要作用,逐步取代战车成为了新的机动作战兵种。战车自汉代退出历史舞台一千余年后,在明代奇迹般重返战场,发展出了种类繁多的战车和编制严密的车营部队,不仅装备了当时世界上堪称先进的枪炮火器,并且能与骑兵、步兵甚至水军相互配合,各展所长。车兵也被明政府列为正式兵种,盛极一时。这并非历史的偶然,主要是因为明代军事科技有了新的发展,火器开始大规模应用到战场上,有了前人所没有的制胜手段。由于少数民族骑兵的威胁,明政府的骑兵又无法与之匹敌,不得不大规模组建能遏制骑兵冲击的车营部队。明代中期以来的开放与宽容的政治氛围,发明创造新式武器的风气,也为明代战车的大发展创造了重要的条件。明代的战车与车营不仅运用到了实战中去,而且对明代营兵制的发展起到了重要的借鉴与促进作用,其多兵种协同作战、快速机动的后勤保障等军事思想在我们今天看来仍有借鉴意义。由于明末政府的腐败和古代战车不可避免的局限性,战车与车营在对抗少数民族入侵时并没有发挥出关键作用,更没有冲破传统军事制度的束缚,现代军队的端倪,还远远没有出现。
[Abstract]:The chariot is the traditional combat weapon in ancient China. At least since the late Shang Dynasty, it has begun to appear on the battlefield. The combat mode of "car racing" has lasted for more than 1,000 years. However, since Zhao Wuling's Hu suit was mounted, the cavalry has been playing an increasingly important role. The chariot gradually replaced the chariot as a new mobile combat unit. More than 1,000 years after the Han Dynasty withdrew from the historical stage, the chariot miraculously returned to the battlefield in the Ming Dynasty, developing a wide variety of chariots and well-organized caravan battalions. Not only were they equipped with some of the most advanced guns and guns in the world at that time, but they also cooperated with cavalry, infantry and even water forces. They were also listed as official arms by the Ming government for a while. This was no historical accident. Mainly because of the new development of military science and technology in the Ming Dynasty, firearms began to be applied to the battlefield on a large scale, and they had the winning means that their predecessors did not have. Because of the threat of the minority cavalry, the cavalry of the Ming government could not compete with them. He had to form a large number of caravan battalions that could contain the impact of cavalry. The political atmosphere of openness and tolerance since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the invention and creation of new types of weapons, It also created important conditions for the great development of the chariots in the Ming Dynasty. The chariots and chariot battalions of the Ming Dynasty were not only used in actual combat, but also played an important role in drawing lessons from and promoting the development of the battalion system in the Ming Dynasty. Military ideas such as rapid and mobile logistics support still have reference significance in our view today. Due to the corruption of the government in the late Ming Dynasty and the inevitable limitations of ancient chariots, chariots and chariot battalions did not play a key role in fighting the invasion of ethnic minorities. Not to break through the shackles of the traditional military system, modern military signs, far from appearing.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K248

【引证文献】