清代华北乡村“社首”初探——以山西泽州碑刻资料为中心

发布时间：2018-05-07 09:27

本文选题：清代 + 华北乡村　；参考：《清史研究》2013年01期

【摘要】："社首"是清代华北民间自治组织"社"的领导者,在清代山西泽州又被称为"维首"、"社领"、"社头"、"社长"等,是乡村社会的权威。从碑刻看,社首可以分为长期任职的执年社首和短期的督工社首,执年社首一般实行四人三年的轮换制度,由社众集体选举产生,个别村社采取家族轮值的方法。督工社首仅在村社出现大型公共设施修建时才被执年社首临时任命,人员依工程复杂程度而定,任期以工程完成情况而论。社首身份较为复杂,现有资料显示大约近十分之一的社首来源于下层士绅,其余多为普通社民。有清一代,社首在村落里主持春祈秋报、管理社费、维修庙宇、息讼止争、协调村际关系,权力几乎触及到华北乡村的全部生活。
[Abstract]:The social leader is the leader of the civil autonomy organization of North China in Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, it is also called "Wei Shou", "social leader", "social head", "president" and so on, which is the authority of rural society. From the inscription, the head of the society can be divided into the chief of the long-term service and the head of the short-term supervision. The chief of the community generally implements the rotation system of four people for three years, elected by the community collectively, and the individual village community adopts the method of family rotation. The superintendent was appointed temporarily only when large public facilities were built in the village, depending on the complexity of the project, and the term of office was as far as the completion of the project was concerned. The current data show that about 1/10 of the social leaders come from the lower gentry, while the rest are mostly ordinary members of the community. In the Qing Dynasty, the head of the society presided over the Spring Prayer and Autumn News in the village, managed the social expenses, maintained the temple, put an interest in litigation and stopped the dispute, and coordinated inter-village relations. The power touched almost all of the rural life in North China.
【作者单位】：山西师范大学戏曲文物研究所;
【分类号】：K877.4;K249

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