社会史视角下的明清农书研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 03:11

本文选题：明清 + 农书　；参考：《南京农业大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 明清时期在我国漫长的历史长河中有着举足轻重的地位，这一时期的农书编纂亦呈现出鲜明的时代特征。明清农书不仅在数量上全面超越了以前各个历史时期，而且其内容广博，涉及了农业生产的各个方面，并且对明清农业的发展起到了十分重要的推动作用。明代中期以后，“经世致用”思潮风行；明末清初和清末出现了两次“西学东渐”的高潮；“农本”思想得到进一步强化；以科举考试制度为特征的精英教育与民间大众教育紧密结合；出版印刷业繁荣。所有的这些都成为了明清农书创作的有利条件，促成了明清时期农书创作高潮期的出现。受儒家“经世致用”思想的熏陶和封建王朝重农思想的影响，士人群体是明清农书的创作主体，而这其中，具有进士、举人等科举功名身份的各级官员和在野士大夫又占了相当大的比重。以地方性农书为代表，明清农书有着显著的地域特征，而明清时期普遍实行的地方官员任职地域回避制度有效地促进了区域农学的交流。明清农书的创作也体现出了一定的时代特征，，如明代农书的创作的高峰期是在嘉靖以后，而光绪朝则是清代农书创作的兴盛时期。这其中既有“经世致用”思潮的影响，也有海外贸易的刺激，又有美洲新作物的推动。借助于明清农书，明清农业生产知识的传播在农书作者与农民之间是一个互动的过程。明清民间大众教育的繁荣使得广大农民具备了一定的阅读能力，这是农书在农民群体间传播的前提。由于明清时期出版印刷业发达，农书的价格并不是农书传播流布的重大障碍，而明清时期多元化的图书发行渠道也有利于农书的传播。明清时期的民间日用类书能有效地传播物候、农业生产知识。图说性质的农书因其图文并茂、通俗易懂，故广受欢迎。明清农书在海外的传播促进了中西衣学的交流，扩大了中华农业文明在世界范围内的影响。
[Abstract]:The Ming and Qing dynasties played an important role in the long history of our country. The agricultural books in Ming and Qing dynasties not only exceeded the previous historical periods in quantity, but also contained a wide range of contents and involved all aspects of agricultural production, and played a very important role in promoting the development of agriculture in Ming and Qing dynasties. After the middle period of Ming Dynasty, the trend of thought of "applying the world to the world" became popular; there were two climaxes of "the western learning to the east" in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty, and the thought of "peasant origin" was further strengthened. The elite education, characterized by the imperial examination system, closely combined with the folk education, and the publishing and printing industry flourished. All these have become the favorable conditions for the creation of agricultural books in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and contributed to the emergence of the peak period of the creation of agricultural books in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Influenced by the Confucian thought of "applying the world to the world" and the feudal dynasty's thought of emphasizing agriculture, the scholar group was the main creative subject of the agricultural books in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and among them, there were Jin Shi. Officials at all levels and officials in opposition took a large proportion of imperial examinations. With the local agricultural books as the representative, the Ming and Qing agricultural books have remarkable regional characteristics, and the regional avoidance system of the local officials held office during the Ming and Qing dynasties has effectively promoted the exchange of regional agronomy. The creation of agricultural books in the Ming and Qing dynasties also reflected certain characteristics of the times, such as the peak period of the creation of agricultural books in the Ming Dynasty was after Jiajing, and the Guang Xu Dynasty was the prosperous period of the creation of agricultural books in the Qing Dynasty. These include the influence of the trend of thought, the stimulation of overseas trade, and the promotion of new crops in America. With the help of the agricultural books of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dissemination of agricultural production knowledge in the Ming and Qing dynasties is an interactive process between the farmers and the farmers. The prosperity of folk education in Ming and Qing dynasties made the peasants have certain reading ability, which is the premise of the spread of agricultural books among farmers. As the publishing and printing industry developed in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the price of agricultural books was not a major obstacle to the spread of agricultural books, and the diversified distribution channels of books in the Ming and Qing dynasties were also conducive to the dissemination of agricultural books. The folk daily books in Ming and Qing dynasties can effectively spread phenology and agricultural production knowledge. The illustrative agricultural books are popular because they are rich in text and easy to understand. The spread of agricultural books abroad in Ming and Qing dynasties promoted the exchange of Chinese and Western clothing studies and expanded the influence of Chinese agricultural civilization in the world.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K248

【引证文献】