士人流向与社会转型——宋元变革论实证研究举隅

发布时间：2018-05-15 16:43

本文选题：科举登第 + 选人改官　；参考：《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年03期

【摘要】：历来,研究科举,大多关注士人获取功名的过程,视线也基本停留于士人登第为止,而对士人登第后的命运则较少关注。文章则从微观个案出发,宽泛地考察作为下层官僚的普通选人改官觅求荐举状的难度和贫困,以及在改官之际选人所遭受的各层官吏盘剥。仕途蹇涩与官场污浊,由失败、失意、失望而导致的绝望,让不少士人对仕途产生淡漠与疏离。心态的变化带来了行为变化,士人流向走向多元化。然而,在学而优则仕的传统流向以外,士人失意的一面一直被无意而深深地遮蔽。这种遮蔽给后世考察士人流向带来很大困难。本文钩玄索隐,从文献中归纳出一些反映士人流向的个案。在这样具体事实的分析基础上,再由微观到宏观,从士人流向多元化,展示社会转型之渐。并且放眼元代,从社会变化上寻求南宋与元代乃至明清的联系,申说作者近年来主张的宋元变革论。
[Abstract]:Traditionally, most of the studies on imperial examinations focused on the process of scholars' gaining fame, and their sight basically stayed in the first place, but less attention was paid to the fate of the scholars. From the micro case, the paper makes a broad study of the difficulty and poverty of the ordinary selection and reform officials as the lower level bureaucrats, and the exploitation of the officials at the time of the change of officials. The despair caused by failure, disappointment and disappointment made many scholars become indifferent and alienated from their official career. The change of mentality brought about the change of behavior and the trend of scholars towards diversification. However, apart from the traditional direction of learning and excellence, the frustrated side of the scholars has been unwittingly and deeply obscured. This kind of obscurity brings great difficulties to the later generations to investigate the flow of scholars. This paper sums up some cases reflecting the flow of scholars from the literature. On the basis of the analysis of such concrete facts, from micro to macro, from scholar to diversification, to show the gradual transformation of society. And looking at the Yuan Dynasty, from the social changes to seek the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty and even the Ming and Qing dynasties, Shen said that the author in recent years advocated the Song and Yuan dynasties change theory.
【作者单位】：日本学习院大学东洋文化研究所;
【分类号】：K244;K247

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