唐代家庭收入初探

发布时间：2018-05-16 06:47

  本文选题：家庭收入 + 贵族官僚　； 参考：《曲阜师范大学》2002年硕士论文

【摘要】： 家庭是社会的细胞，家庭经济是社会经济的重要组成部分，它对社会的治乱兴衰、政权的稳固与否皆有重大影响。研究中国封建社会经济史，尤其是唐代社会的经济发展史，不应忽略对其基本细胞——家庭经济的研究。 唐朝社会的家庭类型多种多样，不一而足。不同的家庭背景、社会地位、居住环境、时代条件便构成了唐代家庭收入形式的五彩缤纷，并影响到各家庭收入的多少。受史料的局限，笔者遴选唐代贵族官僚、商人、农民三种地位不同的家庭作代表，拟从剖析唐代家庭收入这一切点入手，围绕唐代家庭收入的变化趋势；唐代家财管理；家庭收入对个人、国家的影响等诸方面，钩稽出唐代家庭收入的轮廓，展现唐代家庭经济的运转状况，以期窥探唐代社会经济发展规律和政治变动的原因。 一唐代家庭收入 (一)贵族官僚的家庭收入 1．贵族的家庭收入 贵族作为封建社会的特权阶层，血统的高贵，特权的拥有，使贵族们具有稳定的经济来源，其家庭收入颇为丰厚。李唐王朝由关陇贵族转化而来，贵族观念根深蒂固，在政府的保护下，通过嫁资收入、食封收入、商贸和高利贷收入，贵族的家庭经济急剧膨胀。 2．家僚的家庭收入 封建社会的各级官僚是统治阶级意志的执行者，政治上的权势必然要在经济上反映出来，唐代官员的家庭收入主要有官俸收入、地产收 入、经商收入及其它灰色收入等。此外，唐代官员还因战功显赫、治 声有嘉等均可受到皇帝的大量赏赐，且数量极大，在官员家庭收入中 占有重要地位。 （二）唐代商人的家庭收入 根据商人不同的社会地位，笔者将唐代商人划分为一般商人、多元 商人、特权商人三类。 1．一般商人的家庭收入 所谓一般商人即通过贱买蔫贵而获取收入的商人，或为城市居民提 供萌业服务的1萄人。他们经营单一、受社会影响大，投入资金少，获 利时问快，是最常见的一种商业收入。主要包括饮食商、茶商、药商、 租赁商、邪店商及在水陆要道经营的航运商等。 2．多元商人的家庭收入 即实行多元经营，，收人方式多样，其身份多元化的商人，他们的收 入比一般商人多，其经营者主要是一些城市作坊主。 3．特权商人的家庭收入 即在家庭收入中，同其它商人杆1比具有特殊身份，他们获得政府在 －某些专卖品贩卖权的商人。他们利用获得的特权，损公肥己，屯积聚 奇，大获其利，其收入更具有稳定性和丰厚性。唐代特权商人即获得 政府批准的盐、茶、酒等特别经营权的人，还包括政府雇用的充当“捉 饯令史”的商人。 （三）农民的家庭收入 1．唐前期的农民家庭收入 唐初，统治者慑于隋亡教训，政府大力推行均田制，因而农业和副 业收入构成了唐前期农民收入的主要方式，一定程度上增加了农民家 庭收入，改善了人民生活。 2．唐后期的农民家庭收入 唐后期，随着均田制的破坏，官僚、地主疯狂兼并土地，广大农民 几无可耕之田，只好沦为地主的佃户遭到盘剥，家庭经济达到崩溃的 边缘。是时，大多农民主要依靠家庭副业、进城打工等方式勉强维持 也2 家庭生活，农民起义一触即发，唐政权发发可危。 二、唐代家庭收入管理 家庭收入的多种经营和管理活动是家庭生活的重要组成部分，尤其 是家庭收入的管理，是维系家庭稳定、促进家庭成员和睦相处的关键， 一定程度上体现了男女在家庭中的地位。传统封建社会的小农家庭人 口少，收入寡，其家财管理单一而简洁，而家大业大的商人、贵族家 庭，其家财管理有以下特点： 第一，同居共财。即财产共有，同财共炊、同炊合食，各种家庭收 入一律归公，作为家庭共用的财产。 第＿J，家长专管。即家庭收入归赤长全权丈配、处挫，i“幡禁止于 女对家庭收入的支配权，否则即属非法行为。 第三，均分原则。唐代家庭收入实行同居共财，人人有份，这客观 上要求家庭在分配和消费上实行平均主义，且常常被列为家规、家训， 同时也受到法律的确认。 第四，女性在家庭收入中的地位。 唐代女性在家庭收入中享有掌管管钥、处理陪嫁资财权、财产继承 权等权力。这表明唐代妇女在家庭经济中具有相对独立性。 三．唐代家庭收入的历史影响
[Abstract]:Family is the cell of the society and the family economy is an important part of the social economy. It has great influence on the rise and fall of the society and the stability of the political power. The study of the history of China's feudal social economy, especially the history of the social economic development of the Tang Dynasty, should not be ignored.
The family types of the Tang Dynasty are varied and varied. Different family background, social status, living environment and time conditions constitute the colorful forms of family income in the Tang Dynasty, and affect the number of family income. By the limitations of historical materials, the author chooses three different families as Tang Daigui bureaucrats, merchants and farmers as generations. This paper, starting with the analysis of the family income in the Tang Dynasty, focuses on the change trend of the family income in the Tang Dynasty, the management of the family property in the Tang Dynasty, the influence of the family income on the individual and the state, and the outline of the family income in the Tang Dynasty, showing the running status of the family economy in the Tang Dynasty, in order to spy on the law of social economic development and the political change in the Tang Dynasty. The cause of movement.
Family income of the Tang Dynasty
(1) the family income of the aristocratic bureaucrats
Family income of 1. aristocrats
As the privileged class of the feudal society, the nobility of the lineage, the possession of the privileges, the aristocracy had a stable economic source and a rich family income. The Li Tang Dynasty was transformed by the Guan Long aristocrats, the nobility of the aristocracy was ingrained, and under the protection of the government, the aristocratic family, through the income of the growas, the income, the trade and the usurious income of the aristocracy, and the family of the aristocracy The economy has expanded sharply.
Family income of 2. staff
The bureaucrats at all levels in the feudal society are the executors of the will of the ruling class. The political power must be reflected in the economy. The family income of the officials in the Tang Dynasty is mainly paid by the official salary, and the real estate is collected.
In addition, the officials in the Tang Dynasty were also famous for their outstanding military achievements.
Sheng Jia and so on can be greatly rewarded by the emperor, and the number is enormous.
Occupy an important position.
(two) the family income of the merchants in the Tang Dynasty
According to the different social status of businessmen, the author divides the merchants in the Tang Dynasty into general merchants and pluralism.
The merchant, the three kind of privileged merchant.
1. family income of general merchants
A general businessman is a businessman who gains income by buying cheap and expensive, or for urban residents.
1 of the people who serve the industry. They operate in a single way. They are influenced by society.
It is the most common type of business income. It mainly includes catering operators, tea merchants and drugstores.
The leasing business, the evil store merchant and the shipping operator running on the main road and so on.
Family income of 2. pluralistic businessmen
That is to say, pluralistic management and diversified ways of businessmen receive their income.
More business people than ordinary businessmen. Their operators are mainly urban workmen.
The family income of 3. privileged merchants
That is to say, in family income, it has a special status with 1 other businessmen, and they get the government's status.
- some businessmen who sell the right to sell proprietary goods. They take advantage of the privileges they have gained to destroy the public and enrich themselves.
Surprisingly, it benefits greatly, and its income is more stable and rich.
The government approves salt, tea, liquor and other special operators, including the government employed as "catch".
A merchant of the history of preserves.
(three) family income of farmers
Farmers' income in the early period of the 1. Tang Dynasty
In the early Tang Dynasty, the rulers were awed by the lessons of the Sui Dynasty, and the government vigorously promoted the equalization of farmland.
Industry income constituted the main way of farmers' income in the early Tang Dynasty, and increased farmers' families to some extent.
The income of the court has improved the people's life.
The family income of the peasants in the late 2. Tang Dynasty
In the late Tang Dynasty, with the destruction of equal land system, bureaucrats and landlords were wildly merging land and peasants.
A few fields that could not be ploughed were reduced to landlords' tenants, and the family economy collapsed.
At that time, most of the peasants depended mainly on family sideline, and went to work in cities.
Also 2
Family life and peasant uprising are all at stake, and the Tang regime is in danger.
Two, the management of family income in the Tang Dynasty
The diversification and management of family income is an important part of family life.
It is the management of family income, the key to maintaining family stability and promoting family members to live in harmony.
To some extent, the status of men and women in the family is reflected.
Less money and less income, the management of family wealth is single and succinct.
The family property management has the following characteristics:
First, cohabitation is a common property, that is to say, property is shared.
It is the property that is shared by the family.
(J) parents are responsible for the management of family income, which means that family income is allocated to the whole family, and I is prohibited.
Women's control over family income is illegal.
Third, the principle of equal division. In the Tang Dynasty, family income was cohabiting and shared by everyone.
It is required that families should be egalitarianism in distribution and consumption, and are often classified as family rules and family precepts.
At the same time, it is also recognized by the law.
Fourth, the status of women in family income.
Women in the Tang Dynasty enjoyed the control of family income, the right to marry and the inheritance of property.
This shows that women in Tang Dynasty have relative independence in family economy.
Three. The historical influence of the family income in the Tang Dynasty

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：K242

【引证文献】

中国硕士学位论文全文数据库 前4条

1 夏继军;祭拜·教化·娱乐[D];南昌大学;2007年

2 王蓓蓓;唐代果品业研究[D];西南大学;2008年

3 孙海亮;中晚唐至五代时期盐价问题研究[D];黑龙江大学;2012年

4 赵宽;唐代官员隐性收入问题研究[D];四川师范大学;2012年

本文编号：1895875