清代台湾的闽南移民家族教育研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 13:17

本文选题：清代 + 台湾　；参考：《福建师范大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】：历史上,闽南人移民台湾的最早记载是在唐宋时期。这一时期,一些闽南人自发移居到台湾的澎湖列岛。清代,汉人开始大量移垦台湾,闽南人在此时成为开垦的主力之一,进而落地生根。随着台湾的日益开发和社会经济的发展,这些新移民家族得到了迅速的繁衍和拓展。闽南人移居台湾后逐步形成家族,虽然刚移民时仍多以垦殖、农耕为业,但家业稳定后,即开始重视族中子弟的培养。清代及清代以前来台的闽南移民,大多是社会中下阶层的民众,家乡生活清苦,知识有限,但经过原乡文教大环境的熏陶,带来了闽南的传统习俗与文化信仰。他们大多注重子弟的教育问题,有能力者延请内地名师于自家设立书院施教,亦有设立私塾聘请先生设教,以让子弟有机会受教育。地方士子也依家族、村庙兴学设教。由此,清代闽南移民家族教育初步形成。闽南移民家族教育从学校形式来看,主要是社学、义学、私塾与书院等类型。非学校形式的家族教化方面,主要有文教祭祀和族训、家规教育。闽南移民家族教育的主要场所以私塾为主,台北府、台湾府、台南府及台东直隶州的移民家族教育发展状况不一样。不同的移民家族发展家族教育的形式各异,如竹堑郑氏家族通过明志书院培养族中子弟、板桥林家通过设立大观义学对子弟进行教育,张士箱家族对科举教育的重视。这些,都是较为成功的典型个案。闽南移民家族教育对于个人与社会,发挥了提高族中子弟的知识水平和修养、提升家族社会经济地位、传递中原文化传统、促进文治社会形成等正面的功能,但也存在着思想受到箝制、沦为科举附庸、教学肤浅僵化、师资素质不齐等问题。闽南移民家族教育对台湾社会的影响,主要表现在延续原乡的家族传统、促进重读之风的形成,加速文运的提升,形成有影响力的士绅阶层。
[Abstract]:In history, the earliest records of Minnan people emigrating to Taiwan were in the Tang and Song dynasties. During this period, some Minnan emigrated spontaneously to the Penghu Islands in Taiwan. In the Qing Dynasty, Han people began to reclaim Taiwan in large numbers, and Minnan people became one of the main reclamation forces at this time, and then took root. With the development of Taiwan and the development of social economy, these new immigrant families have been proliferated and expanded rapidly. After the people of Minnan moved to Taiwan, they gradually formed a family. Although they still took reclamation and farming as their industry when they first emigrated, they began to attach importance to the cultivation of their children after the family property was stable. The immigrants from South Fujian who came to Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty and before the Qing Dynasty were mostly the people of the middle and lower strata of the society. Their hometown lived in misery and their knowledge was limited, but through the influence of the culture and education environment of the original village, they brought the traditional customs and cultural beliefs of the south of Fujian. Most of them pay attention to the educational problems of their children. Those who are able to do so have invited mainland teachers to set up academies to teach in their own homes, and private schools have also been set up to hire teachers to teach, so that their children will have the opportunity to receive education. Local Shizi also in accordance with the family, the village temple to establish a school. Thus, the Qing Dynasty Minnan immigrant family education was initially formed. Minnan immigrant family education from the school form, mainly social studies, justice, private schools and academies and other types. Non-school form of family education, mainly cultural and religious sacrifice and training, family education. Private schools are the main place for the education of immigrant families in South Fujian. The educational development of immigrant families in Taipei, Taiwan, Tainan and Zhili provinces of Taitung is not the same. Different immigrant families develop family education in different forms. For example, the Zheng family in Zhu-cut trained their children through the Ming Zhi Academy, the Banqiao Lin family educated their children through the establishment of the grand view of righteousness, and the Zhangshi family attached great importance to the imperial examination education. These are more successful typical cases. Minnan immigrant family education has played a positive role in improving the knowledge and accomplishment of the children of the ethnic group, promoting the social and economic status of the family, transmitting the cultural traditions of the Central Plains, and promoting the formation of a civilized society. But there are also some problems, such as being restrained, reduced to imperial examination, superficial ossification of teaching, uneven quality of teachers and so on. The influence of the immigrant family education in the south of Fujian on the Taiwan society is mainly manifested in the continuation of the family tradition of the original country, the formation of the re-reading style, the acceleration of the promotion of the literary movement, and the formation of an influential gentry class.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K249;G529

【引证文献】